在C.elegans中rBTI延緩衰老及對衰老相關(guān)疾病的影響
發(fā)布時間:2018-07-17 07:42
【摘要】:蕎麥?zhǔn)且环N藥食同源的小雜糧作物,含有豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)及生物活性成分,常食蕎麥可降低罹患高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病、癌癥等風(fēng)險。蕎麥胰蛋白酶抑制劑(buckwheat typsin inhibitor,BTI)是一種提取自蕎麥種子的含有69個氨基酸的小分子多肽,分子量為7.9 k D,具有很好的水溶性,屬于Potato I型蛋白酶抑制劑家族,特異性抑制胰蛋白酶活性。為了方便BTI的研究和應(yīng)用,本課題組利用基因克隆技術(shù)構(gòu)建了含有BTI基因的表達(dá)質(zhì)粒p Ex Sec I-BTI經(jīng)大腸桿菌原核表達(dá)和離子交換層析,獲得了重組蕎麥胰蛋白酶抑制劑(recombinant buckwheat typsin inhibitor,r BTI),r BTI和天然提取BTI具有相同的氨基酸序列及生物活性。課題組先前的研究表明,r BTI對Hep G2,EC9706,K562,HL60等實體瘤細(xì)胞具有很好的抑制增殖作用,在Hep G2中r BTI可以通過誘導(dǎo)活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平的增加促進(jìn)線粒體自噬,并且可以將細(xì)胞周期阻滯在G0/G1期,使細(xì)胞單次分裂周期延長;近期在黑腹果蠅中的實驗證明,r BTI可以通過增強(qiáng)黑腹果蠅抗氧化能力延長其壽命,但其具體機(jī)制尚不明確。本研究利用經(jīng)典模式生物秀麗隱桿線蟲(caenorhabditis elegans,C.elegans),探究了r BTI對衰老及衰老相關(guān)疾病的影響及其作用機(jī)制,主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1、r BTI對C.elegans健康壽命、攝食及運動能力的影響利用五氟尿嘧啶(5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine,FUd R)壽命檢測法檢測r BTI對N2野生型C.elegans壽命的影響,結(jié)果顯示,和對照組相比,在2.5-10μM的范圍內(nèi)r BTI能明顯延長蟲體壽命,且具有濃度依賴性;對衰老相關(guān)指標(biāo)檢測表明,r BTI明顯降低了衰老相關(guān)的β-半乳糖苷酶活性及線蟲腸道褐脂質(zhì)積累;同時,顯微觀察統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示r BTI不會明顯影響年輕蟲體運動及咽抽速率,但改善了老年蟲體的運動能力,表明r BTI延長了C.elegans的健康壽命。2、r BTI延長C.elegans壽命的作用方式采用反相高效液相色譜法、耗氧量檢測、熒光探針、酶活檢測及胡桃醌誘導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激等方法檢測顯示,r BTI可以增強(qiáng)線蟲體內(nèi)AMP與ATP的比率,誘導(dǎo)其呼吸作用和ROS產(chǎn)生的增強(qiáng)。增強(qiáng)的ROS可激活蟲體內(nèi)源性抗氧化防御系統(tǒng)的活性,產(chǎn)生反饋保護(hù)作用,降低ROS的含量,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)蟲體抗氧化應(yīng)激能力。利用ROS抑制劑N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(N-Acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)的檢測顯示,當(dāng)ROS信號被抑制后,r BTI失去了延長蟲體壽命的能力,表明r BTI延長壽命的作用依賴于瞬時ROS信號產(chǎn)生,該機(jī)制和熱量限制(calorie restriction,CR)延長壽命的機(jī)制非常相似,據(jù)此我們認(rèn)為:r BTI延長壽命的功效可能通過一種熱量限制模擬(calorie restriction mimetic,CRM)的方式發(fā)揮作用。利用q RT-PCR方法檢測顯示,r BTI下調(diào)了胰島素/類胰島素生長因子信號(insulin/IGF-1 signaling,IIS)通路各組分的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平;同時轉(zhuǎn)基因C.elegans及q RT-PCR等方法檢測顯示,r BTI可以增強(qiáng)IIS通路主要轉(zhuǎn)錄因子DAF-16的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,增強(qiáng)其靶基因的表達(dá),但不影響IIS通路中另外兩個轉(zhuǎn)錄因子HSF-1和SKN-1的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性。突變體線蟲品系壽命檢測顯示,r BTI不能延長daf-2和daf-16突變體線蟲壽命,表明r BTI介導(dǎo)的壽命延長依賴于daf-2和daf-16,即依賴于IIS通路;同時,熒光探針檢測顯示,在daf-2、daf-16突變體中,r BTI不能誘導(dǎo)瞬時ROS信號產(chǎn)生,但是當(dāng)用NAC抑制ROS信號產(chǎn)生時,r BTI仍能夠下調(diào)IIS通路,表明r BTI介導(dǎo)的ROS信號誘導(dǎo)同樣依賴于IIS通路。3、r BTI對C.elegans相關(guān)代謝的影響與CR對代謝影響相似,q RT-PCR及酶活檢測顯示,r BTI降低了C.elegans中參與糖酵解過程相關(guān)酶活性,增強(qiáng)了蟲體脂肪酶活性,同時油紅染色結(jié)果顯示,和對照組相比,r BTI處理組蟲體中脂肪積累明顯減少,表明r BTI可以誘導(dǎo)C.elegans體內(nèi)糖代謝產(chǎn)能向脂代謝產(chǎn)能的轉(zhuǎn)變;此外,轉(zhuǎn)基因線蟲及q RT-PCR顯示,r BTI能夠增強(qiáng)C.elegans自噬過程。4、r BTI延長壽命的作用與其本身分子結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系根據(jù)r BTI的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和活性部位,通過定點突變技術(shù),分別對r BTI的45位、53位和44位氨基酸活性位點進(jìn)行突變,獲得了4種r BTI突變體,分別命名為r BTI-R45A、r BTI-R45F、r BTI-W53R和r BTI-P44T。C.elegans壽命檢測實驗表明失去胰蛋白酶抑制活性的r BTI-R45A、r BTI-R45F及胰蛋白酶抑制活性顯著升高的r BTI-P44T均不同程度失去了延長壽命的功能。同時,轉(zhuǎn)基因線蟲熒光顯微觀察及q RT-PCR顯示,四種突變體均不能增強(qiáng)DAF-16的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,表明r BTI延長壽命及增強(qiáng)DAF-16轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的功能均依賴于其適當(dāng)?shù)囊鹊鞍酌敢种苹钚?活性位點突變會導(dǎo)致其相應(yīng)的延長壽命功能減弱或喪失。5、rBTI對衰老相關(guān)疾病的影響及其機(jī)制阿爾茲海默癥(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是最常見的一種神經(jīng)退行性疾病,其發(fā)生發(fā)展與衰老密切相關(guān)。雖然AD的發(fā)病機(jī)制還不太清楚,但普遍認(rèn)為β樣淀粉蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)誘導(dǎo)的毒性是AD發(fā)病的主要原因。研究表明具有延壽效應(yīng)的物質(zhì)能夠不同程度的保護(hù)對抗AD,本研究中利用一種能夠表達(dá)人類Aβ3-42的AD模型線蟲CL4176檢測了r BTI對AD的作用,并用western blot、免疫印跡、熒光染色、RNA干擾(RNA interference,RNAi)等方法初步探究了其作用機(jī)制,結(jié)果顯示r BTI能夠很好的減緩Aβ毒性誘導(dǎo)的AD線蟲僵化速率,促進(jìn)AD線蟲自噬-溶酶體降解途徑,降低其體內(nèi)Aβ積累,但是對蛋白酶體降解途徑?jīng)]有明顯影響,且和在N2野生型線蟲中作用相似,r BTI保護(hù)效應(yīng)的發(fā)揮依賴于轉(zhuǎn)錄因子DAF-16。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明r BTI不僅具有延緩衰老的效應(yīng),還是一種潛在的有效治療AD的天然化合物。此外,在亨廷頓癥(Huntington's disease,HD)模型線蟲中的實驗顯示,r BTI同樣能夠減緩HD模型中多聚谷氨酰胺聚體及線蟲的僵化表型,表明除了AD外,r BTI可能對另一衰老相關(guān)疾病HD也有有益作用。綜上所述,本研究證明,r BTI可以改善老年蟲體的運動能力,延長C.elegans的健康壽命;類似于CR延長壽命效應(yīng),r BTI可通過下調(diào)IIS通路,誘導(dǎo)ROS短暫升高,進(jìn)而激活DAF-16的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,增強(qiáng)其下游靶基因的表達(dá)和抗氧化防御能力,最終使蟲體壽命延長;r BTI可誘導(dǎo)線蟲體內(nèi)糖代謝產(chǎn)能向脂代謝產(chǎn)能轉(zhuǎn)變;分別利用轉(zhuǎn)基因線蟲和AD模型線蟲實驗顯示,r BTI不僅能增強(qiáng)C.elegans自噬過程,而且能通過促進(jìn)自噬-溶酶體降解途徑,適當(dāng)對抗AD。這些結(jié)果為進(jìn)一步開展生物活性物質(zhì)在延緩衰老,對抗老年癡呆等疾病中的作用機(jī)理和應(yīng)用研究奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In order to facilitate the study and application of BTI , the expression plasmid pEx Sec I - BTI , which contains 69 amino acids from buckwheat seeds , has the same amino acid sequence and bioactivity . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of the organism ' s endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of the organism ' s endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of the organism ' s endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the body . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the body . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the worm . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the worm . The results showed that r BTI could enhance the activity of the main transcription factors of the IIS pathway . The results showed that r BTI could not extend the activity of the other two transcription factors HSF - 1 and SKN - 1 . The results showed that r BTI could not prolong the activity of the other two transcription factors HSF - 1 and SKN - 1 . r BTI-W53R鍜宺 BTI-P44T.C.elegans瀵垮懡媯,
本文編號:2129642
[Abstract]:In order to facilitate the study and application of BTI , the expression plasmid pEx Sec I - BTI , which contains 69 amino acids from buckwheat seeds , has the same amino acid sequence and bioactivity . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of the organism ' s endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of the organism ' s endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could increase the activity of the organism ' s endogenous antioxidant defense system . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the body . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the body . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the worm . The results showed that r BTI could prolong the life of the worm . The results showed that r BTI could enhance the activity of the main transcription factors of the IIS pathway . The results showed that r BTI could not extend the activity of the other two transcription factors HSF - 1 and SKN - 1 . The results showed that r BTI could not prolong the activity of the other two transcription factors HSF - 1 and SKN - 1 . r BTI-W53R鍜宺 BTI-P44T.C.elegans瀵垮懡媯,
本文編號:2129642
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