基于受體結(jié)構(gòu)的神經(jīng)氨酸酶抑制劑的設(shè)計(jì)合成及生物活性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-07-17 07:08
【摘要】:流感是一種呼吸道疾病,其致病機(jī)制為病毒的感染,F(xiàn)已經(jīng)成為人類的健康主要?dú)⑹?每年世界范圍內(nèi)被感染的人群約總?cè)丝诘那Х种。目?預(yù)防和治療流感病毒手段不多,主要防治方法為使用NAIs。然而隨著越來(lái)越多耐藥性病毒的出現(xiàn),人類的健康時(shí)刻都面臨著重大的威脅,因此開發(fā)新型的NAIs成為科學(xué)家面臨越來(lái)越迫切的任務(wù)。 近些年來(lái),科學(xué)家成功分離出藥物小分子與NA受體蛋白的共結(jié)晶結(jié)構(gòu),并闡述了藥物中各個(gè)藥效基團(tuán)與靶標(biāo)蛋白中氨基酸殘基的的作用方式,為設(shè)計(jì)和尋找新型NA抑制劑提供重要理論指導(dǎo)。目前上市的NAIs主要有zanamivir, oseltamivir和peramivir,其中oseltamivir因其良好的口服生物利用度而被廣泛應(yīng)用。然而隨著藥物的大量使用,使得耐oseltamivir病毒流行越來(lái)越廣泛。其中某些特定的氨基酸(His274變異為Try274)變異所產(chǎn)生的新的病毒幾乎對(duì)oseltamivir完全耐藥。通過(guò)對(duì)NA蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的深入研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)其存在兩組亞型的結(jié)構(gòu),group-1結(jié)構(gòu)包括N1、N4、N5、N8四種NA,group-2則包括N2、N3、N6、N7、 N9五種NA。比較group-1和group-2NA結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者存在的顯著的差異,在group-1NA結(jié)構(gòu)的活性位點(diǎn)邊緣存在一個(gè)大的活性空腔稱為150-cavity。在通常情況下,group-1NA能夠在配體分子的誘導(dǎo)下轉(zhuǎn)變成group-2NA結(jié)構(gòu),因此目前的NAIs對(duì)group-1和group-2NA均有效,但當(dāng)group-1NA中某些氨基酸如His274變異為Try274會(huì)使得group-1NA蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)失去轉(zhuǎn)化為group-2NA結(jié)構(gòu)的能力,就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出明顯的耐藥性。因此,基于上述的研究事實(shí),我們嘗試對(duì)oseltamivir的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造,前述的文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研可知,oseltamivir的C-5位氨基指向疏水性的150-cavity,故本課題嘗試在oseltamivir的C-5位氨基引入疏水基團(tuán),使之能夠與150-cavity有作用力,從而制備高效,高選擇性的NA抑制劑。通過(guò)對(duì)受體蛋白與配體作用方式的研究表明其NAIs的抑制活性與藥效基團(tuán)有關(guān)與載體無(wú)關(guān),因此我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì),合成了兩類新型結(jié)構(gòu)的NAIs具體的具體內(nèi)容分為四個(gè)部分: (I).主要是介紹流感病毒的危害,NAIs重要性以及配體分子與蛋白的作用機(jī)制。NAIs的分類以及目前上市的三個(gè)藥物的研究過(guò)程。最后提出本論文的設(shè)計(jì)思路。 (II).通過(guò)受體蛋白與配體作用方式的研究表明:oseltamivir的C-5氨基朝向150-cavity,從而為設(shè)計(jì)新型group-1NAIs提供新的思路。因此本課題擬以莽草酸為起始原料通過(guò)多步反應(yīng)制備了20個(gè)oseltamivir C-5位疏水化改造的衍生物,其結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)通過(guò)表征得到得以確認(rèn);钚詼y(cè)試顯示該類結(jié)構(gòu)的小分子group-1NA(H5N1)和group-2NA (H3N2)抑制活性。同時(shí)Autodock軟件模擬驗(yàn)證了產(chǎn)物C-5位疏水基團(tuán)與150-cavity存在相互作用,證明設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。 (Ⅲ)目前上市的藥物小分子zanamivir,oseltamivir和peramivir等其結(jié)構(gòu)中均存在手性中心,給其合成帶來(lái)一定的困難。前述研究表明藥效團(tuán)的載體對(duì)NAIs的抑制活性的影響較小。故本課題擬用易制備的的苯環(huán)取代柔性的五元或者六元脂肪環(huán),制備25個(gè)含苯環(huán)的NAIs。所得化合物的分子結(jié)構(gòu)均通過(guò)表征得到確認(rèn),活性結(jié)果顯示化合物III-39有中等的NA抑制活性(IC50=2.64μM)。通過(guò)分子模擬得到化合物與NA之間的相互作用關(guān)系。 (IV)通過(guò)受體蛋白與配體小分子的作用機(jī)制可知,NAIs對(duì)NA的抑制活性與配體的藥效基團(tuán)有關(guān)與載體并無(wú)直接關(guān)系。本課題設(shè)計(jì)合成了18個(gè)1,4,5,6-四氫嘧啶酮酸酯類小分子NAIs。其結(jié)構(gòu)均得到有效驗(yàn)證,活性結(jié)果表明大部分制備的化合物有一定的NA抑制活性,其中化合物Ⅳ-33活性較好為(IC50=17.64μM)。通過(guò)分子模擬該類化合物與NA作用方式,發(fā)現(xiàn)其與上市藥物oseltamivir與受體蛋白的作用相似。 綜上所述,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)合成了三類不同結(jié)構(gòu)的NAIs,同時(shí)測(cè)試其體外的NA抑制活性,并研究其與受體蛋白的作用機(jī)制,從而為進(jìn)一步尋找結(jié)構(gòu)新穎,高活性的NAIs提供重要的參考。
[Abstract]:Influenza is a respiratory disease , the pathogenic mechanism of which is the infection of the virus . Now it has become the main killer of human health . It is one tenth of the total population of people infected in the world every year . At present , there are not many methods to prevent and treat influenza virus . The main control method is to use NAIs . However , with the emergence of more and more drug - resistant viruses , human health is faced with a major threat , so the development of new NAIs has become a more and more pressing task for scientists .
In recent years , scientists have successfully isolated the co - crystalline structure of drug small molecule and NA receptor protein .
( I ) This paper mainly introduces the harm of influenza virus , the importance of NAIs and the mechanism of action of ligand molecule and protein . The classification of NAIs and the research process of three drugs currently marketed . Finally , the design idea of this paper is put forward .
In this study , 20 oseltamivir C - 5 hydrophobic modified derivatives were prepared by multi - step reaction with shikimic acid as the starting material , and the structure was confirmed by characterization . The activity test showed that the small molecule group - 1NA ( H5N1 ) and group - 2NA ( H3N2 ) inhibit the activity of the structure .
( 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2129535
[Abstract]:Influenza is a respiratory disease , the pathogenic mechanism of which is the infection of the virus . Now it has become the main killer of human health . It is one tenth of the total population of people infected in the world every year . At present , there are not many methods to prevent and treat influenza virus . The main control method is to use NAIs . However , with the emergence of more and more drug - resistant viruses , human health is faced with a major threat , so the development of new NAIs has become a more and more pressing task for scientists .
In recent years , scientists have successfully isolated the co - crystalline structure of drug small molecule and NA receptor protein .
( I ) This paper mainly introduces the harm of influenza virus , the importance of NAIs and the mechanism of action of ligand molecule and protein . The classification of NAIs and the research process of three drugs currently marketed . Finally , the design idea of this paper is put forward .
In this study , 20 oseltamivir C - 5 hydrophobic modified derivatives were prepared by multi - step reaction with shikimic acid as the starting material , and the structure was confirmed by characterization . The activity test showed that the small molecule group - 1NA ( H5N1 ) and group - 2NA ( H3N2 ) inhibit the activity of the structure .
( 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2129535
本文鏈接:http://sikaile.net/yixuelunwen/yiyaoxuelunwen/2129535.html
最近更新
教材專著