【摘要】： 雞是研究鳥類動物發(fā)育常用的模式動物。視網(wǎng)膜由胚胎時(shí)期間腦外壁向外突起形成,屬于腦外中樞系統(tǒng),常作為研究中樞神經(jīng)發(fā)育和再生的模式器官。脊椎動物視網(wǎng)膜基本組織模式相同:兩個(gè)突觸層(外網(wǎng)層和內(nèi)網(wǎng)層)插在三細(xì)胞核層之間(外核層、內(nèi)核層和神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞層)。視網(wǎng)膜的形態(tài)發(fā)育過程包括神經(jīng)祖代細(xì)胞分化為神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞過程,以及神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞按照一定的空間結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)建視網(wǎng)膜過程。Notch-Delta信號途徑是一條在胚胎發(fā)育中起調(diào)控作用的保守的途徑。Notch-Delta信號系統(tǒng)的最主要功能就是參與胚胎的分化發(fā)育,Notch1在神經(jīng)視網(wǎng)膜細(xì)胞發(fā)育和分化過程中表達(dá)。 本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用常規(guī)組織學(xué)HE染色技術(shù)、免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)和分子半定量技術(shù)對固始雞胚期視網(wǎng)膜的發(fā)育進(jìn)行研究,研究結(jié)果顯示:固始雞視網(wǎng)膜是典型的脊椎動物視網(wǎng)膜,可分為色素視網(wǎng)膜和神經(jīng)視網(wǎng)膜,神經(jīng)視網(wǎng)膜又分為7層:神經(jīng)纖維層、節(jié)細(xì)胞層、內(nèi)網(wǎng)層、內(nèi)核層、外網(wǎng)層、外核層和視錐視桿層;神經(jīng)視網(wǎng)膜在胚期發(fā)育過程中的變化趨勢是:神經(jīng)視網(wǎng)膜厚度從E4至E20呈現(xiàn)波浪形變化趨勢,E4至E8逐漸增厚,E8最厚,從E8開始厚度逐漸變薄,E10與E11厚度相差較大,E14厚度最薄,到E19出現(xiàn)第二個(gè)高峰,E11到E20神經(jīng)視網(wǎng)膜厚度相差不大。節(jié)細(xì)胞層、內(nèi)網(wǎng)層、內(nèi)核層、外網(wǎng)層、外核層于E8時(shí)形成,三核層總的變化趨勢是從E8開始厚度逐漸下降,E10和E11相差較大,從E12到出殼當(dāng)天,厚度總體變化相對穩(wěn)定;三核層的密度總的趨勢變化相同,密度相比內(nèi)核層最高,其次是外核層,節(jié)細(xì)胞層密度最低。免疫組化S-P法染色結(jié)果顯示:NSE最早在E12的節(jié)細(xì)胞層出現(xiàn),內(nèi)網(wǎng)層和外網(wǎng)層有亞層形成,Vimentin從E3開始整個(gè)胚期都存在,且從E10開始,外網(wǎng)層出現(xiàn)一條陽性條帶形成原因有待進(jìn)一步研究。半定量研究表明在眼部E3和E18表達(dá)量相對較低,推斷E18可能作為理想的時(shí)間點(diǎn)研究固始雞視網(wǎng)膜再生。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)腦部在出殼前兩天Notch1表達(dá)量較低與E3相對接近,說明腦部細(xì)胞處于祖細(xì)胞狀態(tài)或干細(xì)胞較多,增殖旺盛,Notch1在腦部有維持神經(jīng)細(xì)胞發(fā)生和再生的能力。
[Abstract]:Chicken is a commonly used model animal to study the development of bird animals. The retina is formed from the outer wall of the diencephalon and belongs to the extracranial central system. It is often used as a model organ to study the development and regeneration of the central nervous system. The basic pattern of retina in vertebrates is the same: two synaptic layers (outer reticulum layer and inner reticulum layer) are inserted between the three nuclear layers (outer nuclear layer, nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer). The development of retinal morphology includes the differentiation of neural progenitor cells into neurons and glial cells. And neurons and glial cells build retinal process according to certain spatial structure. Notch-Delta signaling pathway is a conservative pathway that plays a regulatory role in embryonic development. Notch-Delta signaling system is the main function of participating in embryo. Notch1 was expressed during the development and differentiation of neuroretinal cells. The development of embryonic retina of Gushi chicken was studied by routine histological HE staining, immunohistochemical technique and molecular semi-quantitative technique. The results showed that the retina of Gushi chicken was typical of vertebrate retina. It can be divided into pigmented retina and nerve retina, and neuroretina is divided into 7 layers: nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner reticulum layer, inner reticular layer, outer reticulum layer, outer nuclear layer and optic cone rod layer. The change trend of neuroretina during embryonic development is that the thickness of nerve retina changes from E4 to E20 in a wavy shape. The thickest thickness of E8 is gradually increased from E4 to E8, and the thickness of E10 and E11 is gradually thinned from E8 to E11, and the thickness of E14 is the thinnest. The second peak at E 19, E 11 to E 20, had little difference in retinal thickness. The ganglion cell layer, inner net layer, outer net layer and outer nuclear layer were formed at E8. The total change trend of the three nuclear layers was that the thickness of E10 and E11 gradually decreased from E8 to E11, and from E12 to the day of exiting the shell, the overall thickness changed relatively stable. The density of the trinuclear layer was the highest in comparison with the inner layer, followed by the outer nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. The results of S-P immunohistochemical staining showed that WNSE first appeared in the ganglion cell layer of E12, and Vimentin was formed in the inner and outer layers of the reticulum, and the whole embryo stage was observed from E3 and E10. The formation of a positive band in the outer layer needs further study. Semi-quantitative study showed that the expression of E3 and E18 was relatively low in the eye. It was inferred that E18 might be used as an ideal time point to study retina regeneration in Gushi chicken. It was also found that the expression of Notch1 in the brain was relatively close to that of E3 two days before exfoliation, indicating that the brain cells were in the state of progenitor cells or stem cells, and that the proliferation of Notch1 had the ability to maintain neurogenesis and regeneration in the brain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R774.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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1 殷詠儀,華茜;視網(wǎng)膜發(fā)育與形成的“鑲嵌模型”[J];生物化學(xué)與生物物理進(jìn)展;2001年02期

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