【摘要】：高壓氧(HBO)在醫(yī)學上的應用歷史雖短,但它對某些疾病的獨特療效已引起醫(yī)學界的日益重視。積極預防高壓氧治療中副作用和并發(fā)癥,對保證高壓氧治療的順利進行和療效有重要的意義。視神經(optic nerve)由特殊軀體感覺纖維組成,傳導視覺沖動。視神經損傷,最終影響視功能并可導致失明。由于視神經損傷一旦發(fā)生則不可逆轉,即使經過治療,受損的視功能也無法恢復。 眼眶受損患者在進行高壓氧治療時,視神經是否會受到壓迫還未見文獻報道。本文在合理簡化和假設的前提下,通過建立帶組織的受損眼眶三維有限元模型,模擬視神經在高壓情況下的受力情況,對受損眼眶側的視神經和完整眼眶側的視神經應力進行對比并結合患者的實際情況進行了分析。這些研究成果可為眼眶受損患者可否做高壓氧艙治療提供力學依據,避免視神經在治療過程中受到壓迫,也為日后更加深入細致的研究視神經在體受力狀況打下了良好的基礎。 本文的主要工作如下: 1.根據受損的人體頭部CT掃描圖像,利用逆向工程原理在MIMICS軟件(試用版)中提取各組織的幾何輪廓。 2.利用提取的各組織的幾何輪廓,在ANSYS軟件中建立帶組織的受損眼眶三維有限元模型。為了能真實的反映視神經在人體中的情況,帶組織的受損眼眶有限元模型中包括了視神經、受損眼眶、眼球、眶脂體和腦組織,共46189個節(jié)點,249115個單元。模型生物材料特性均采用彈性模型描述。 3.結合視神經在高壓氧倉中的情況進行有限元模型模擬。在ANSYS軟件中,利用帶組織的受損眼眶模型模擬視神經在高壓下的受力情況。 由有限元模擬結果得到了以下幾個結論: 1.受損眼眶側和完整眼眶側的視神經最大應力均發(fā)生在視神經和眼球的接觸部位。這和眼內壓升高壓迫了視神經的結論是一致的。 2.顱骨可以有效地保護視神經不受外力傷害。外界壓強保持不變,隨著受損眼眶側的顱骨彈性模量的降低,受損眼眶側的視神經應力逐漸增大。 3.顱骨彈性模量保持不變,隨著外界壓強的增加,視神經的最大應力均迅速增加。說明在高壓氧倉治療中,視神經有可能受壓迫。 4.受損眼眶側視神經的應力遠遠大于完整眼眶側的視神經。
[Abstract]:Although the application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in medicine is short, its unique effect on some diseases has been paid more and more attention. Active prevention of side effects and complications in hyperbaric oxygen therapy is of great significance to ensure the smooth progress and curative effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The optic nerve (optic nerve) is composed of special somatosensory fibers and transmits visual impulses. Optic nerve injury ultimately affects visual function and can lead to blindness. As the optic nerve injury is irreversible, even after treatment, damaged visual function can not be restored. Whether the optic nerve will be compressed during hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with orbital damage has not been reported. On the premise of reasonable simplification and hypothesis, this paper simulates the stress of optic nerve under high pressure by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model of injured orbit with tissue. The stress of the optic nerve in the injured orbital side and the intact orbital side was compared and analyzed in combination with the actual situation of the patients. These results can provide a mechanical basis for the treatment of hyperbaric oxygen chamber in patients with orbital injury, avoid the compression of optic nerve in the course of treatment, and lay a good foundation for a more thorough and detailed study of the stress status of optic nerve in vivo in the future. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. According to the CT scan image of the damaged human head, the geometric contours of each tissue were extracted from the MIMICS software (trial version) using reverse engineering principle. 2. The 3D finite element model of injured orbit with tissue was established by using the geometric contour of each tissue extracted in ANSYS software. In order to truly reflect the optic nerve in human body, the finite element model of injured orbit with tissue includes optic nerve, injured orbit, eyeball, orbital fat body and brain tissue, with 46189 nodes and 249115 units. The properties of model biomaterials are described by elastic model. 3. The finite element model of optic nerve in hyperbaric oxygen chamber was simulated. In ANSYS software, the injured orbital model with tissue was used to simulate the stress of optic nerve under high pressure. The following conclusions are obtained from the finite element simulation results: 1. The maximum stress of the optic nerve in the injured orbital side and the intact orbital side occurred at the contact point between the optic nerve and the eyeball. This is consistent with the conclusion that increased intraocular pressure compresses the optic nerve. 2. 2. The skull can effectively protect the optic nerve from external force. The stress of optic nerve increased gradually with the decrease of elastic modulus of skull in the injured orbital side. The elastic modulus of skull remains unchanged, and the maximum stress of optic nerve increases rapidly with the increase of external pressure. It is suggested that the optic nerve may be compressed in hyperbaric oxygen chamber therapy. 4. 4. The stress of the injured orbital optic nerve is much greater than that of the intact orbital optic nerve.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R779.1

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