本文選題：學(xué)齡兒童 + 屈光不正�。� 參考：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的 了解重慶市永川區(qū)兒童屈光不正、視力損傷及眼部疾病的狀況,為兒童眼病及視力損害的防治工作提供依據(jù)。 方法 選擇中國西部社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況具有代表性的重慶市永川區(qū),以人口為基準(zhǔn),按照地理意義上界定的群,對該地區(qū)居住的6～15歲兒童進(jìn)行隨機(jī)整群抽樣形成樣本。我們進(jìn)行了挨家挨戶的調(diào)查和眼部檢查,包括視力測定、立體視覺、眼位及眼球運(yùn)動、裂隙燈檢查眼前節(jié)、1%環(huán)戊通行睫狀肌麻痹下的視網(wǎng)膜檢影及眼底檢查。 結(jié)果 總共選擇了2552戶中居住的3469名兒童,最終共3079名兒童完成整個眼部檢查。6～8歲段兒童屈光狀態(tài)的分布為正偏態(tài),而9～12歲和13～15歲為負(fù)偏態(tài)。遠(yuǎn)視(≥+2.00 D SE)、近視(≤-0.50 D SE)及散光(≥1.00 DC)的患病率分別為3.25%、13.71%和3.73%。隨兒童年齡的增長,遠(yuǎn)視的患病率明顯降低(P0.001)和近視患病率明顯增加(P0.001)。重點(diǎn)學(xué)校的兒童近視(P0.001)和散光(≥1.00DC,P=0.04)的患病率較非重點(diǎn)學(xué)校高。 屈光不正的患病率為20.69%(637/3079),結(jié)膜炎為11.76%(362/3079),弱視為1.88%(58/3079),色覺異常為0.52%(16/3079),角膜炎為0.36%(11/3079),斜視為0.29%(9/3079),白內(nèi)障為0.23%(7/3079),近視眼病為0.19%(6/3079),眼外傷為0.13%(4/3079),角膜白斑、角膜葡萄腫、視神經(jīng)病變、黃斑病變、有髓鞘神經(jīng)纖維均為0.03%(1/3079)。視力損傷的患病率為7.70%(237/3079),視力損傷的主要原因為未矯正的屈光不正,占86.08%(204/237),弱視占9.70%(23/237),近視眼病占1.27%(3/237),先天性白內(nèi)障占0.42%(1/237),其他原因占2.11%(5/237)。 結(jié)論 1、隨年齡增長,屈光狀態(tài)分布逐漸由正偏態(tài)向負(fù)偏態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變,9歲是發(fā)生變化的關(guān)鍵年齡段。環(huán)境因素和學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)度可以影響近視的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。 2、屈光不正在兒童眼病中發(fā)病率最高,未矯正的屈光不正是目前導(dǎo)致欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)齡兒童視力損傷的最主要原因。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the status of refractive errors, visual impairment and ocular diseases in children in Yongchuan District, Chongqing, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of children's eye diseases and visual impairment. Methods the representative social and economic situation of Yongchuan district in western China was selected. The population was taken as the basis and the group was defined according to the geographical meaning. Random cluster sampling was used to form a sample of 6 ~ 15-year-old children living in the area. We carried out door-to-door surveys and eye examinations, including visual acuity, stereoscopic vision, eye position and eye movement, and slit lamp examination of retinal shadow and fundus examination under 1% cyclopentyl palsy of the anterior segment. Results A total of 3469 children living in 2552 households were selected, and 3079 children completed the whole ophthalmic examination. The distribution of refractive state was positive and negative at the age of 9 ~ 12 and 13 ~ 15 years. The prevalence of hyperopia (鈮，

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