本文選題：運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練 + 胚胎發(fā)育��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：前庭系統(tǒng)的功能主要是感受重力和變速運(yùn)動(dòng)，通過(guò)中樞的整合反射性地調(diào)節(jié)身體姿勢(shì)、維持平衡、運(yùn)動(dòng)中視覺的穩(wěn)定，以及運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中內(nèi)臟功能的調(diào)節(jié)和參與空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶。前庭感覺的胚胎發(fā)育是僅次于觸覺而優(yōu)先發(fā)育的感覺，其發(fā)育不足或障礙不但影響前庭功能，還會(huì)阻抑視覺、聽覺發(fā)育，造成平衡障礙，運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)障礙，甚至降低學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力。重力環(huán)境和變速運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激是影響前庭系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的2個(gè)主要外在因素。以動(dòng)物為對(duì)象的研究表明，超重力和微重力均不同程度地抑制前庭系統(tǒng)的正常發(fā)育，降低或改變出生后個(gè)體的前庭功能。在地球表面的1G重力環(huán)境下，變速運(yùn)動(dòng)能否影響前庭系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育，尚無(wú)以動(dòng)物或人為對(duì)象的系統(tǒng)研究。對(duì)孕婦運(yùn)動(dòng)的調(diào)查顯示，孕期進(jìn)行一定量的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，如跳舞、游泳都能減少子代感覺統(tǒng)合失調(diào)的發(fā)生，提高運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)和學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力，并有利于孕婦體重控制和產(chǎn)后恢復(fù)，降低妊娠高血壓癥和妊娠糖尿病等妊娠并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。隨著科技的發(fā)展，人類的生活方式有了很大的改變�，F(xiàn)代人的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間變短，，尤其是孕婦的運(yùn)動(dòng)量普遍減少。有人認(rèn)為這可能是造成現(xiàn)代兒童感覺統(tǒng)合失調(diào)，注意缺陷及多動(dòng)癥發(fā)生率升高的原因，而前庭功能紊亂是其中的主要因素。這提示孕婦的運(yùn)動(dòng)可能對(duì)胎兒前庭系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育有影響，但多大運(yùn)動(dòng)量是有效的（也即有否最佳運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)強(qiáng)度和持續(xù)時(shí)間）？運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)前庭系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能發(fā)育的影響是否存在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期（最敏感的時(shí)期）？這些都是需要進(jìn)行定性和定量研究的課題。 本課題組前期的研究結(jié)果顯示，在昆明種小鼠胚胎發(fā)育的4到19天（E4-E19），每天給予孕鼠40min的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激能顯著提高出生后仔鼠的平面翻正反射和空中翻正反射能力，其最佳干預(yù)期為E10-E15；但在前庭器官的超微結(jié)構(gòu)上未見顯著改變。這些初步的研究結(jié)果僅證實(shí)了胚胎期的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激可提高小鼠的前庭功能，并存在一個(gè)敏感的關(guān)鍵期，但未揭示多大的運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和持續(xù)時(shí)間最有效（最佳運(yùn)動(dòng)量）以及對(duì)前庭中樞的發(fā)育是否有影響。所以，本研究擬在前期研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以昆明種小鼠為對(duì)象，在胚胎發(fā)育的E4-出生前1天分別給予持續(xù)時(shí)間為3h、6h、12h的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激，通過(guò)行為學(xué)的方法檢測(cè)其對(duì)前庭功能的影響，以免疫組化方法顯示自然前庭刺激誘發(fā)前庭核表達(dá)FOS的情況來(lái)檢測(cè)上述運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)前庭中樞發(fā)育的作用。以期確定促進(jìn)小鼠前庭功能的最佳變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間，及其能否影響前庭中樞的發(fā)育。 本研究所得實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下： 1．孕期E4-E19天內(nèi)的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)各組孕鼠的體重沒(méi)有顯著影響，但6h和12h旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)組對(duì)比空白對(duì)照組有體重降低的趨勢(shì)，且6h旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)組母鼠產(chǎn)后體重始終處于較低水平。 2．各組仔鼠P0-P15天平均體重沒(méi)有顯著差異，與空白對(duì)照組相比6h旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)組仔鼠體重增長(zhǎng)較快。 3．各組仔鼠生后產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、成活率、以及仔鼠睜眼和開耳天數(shù)沒(méi)有顯著差異 4．孕期E4-E19天內(nèi)12h的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)使出生當(dāng)天（P0）的仔鼠平面翻正反射成功率顯著高于其他各組，P1-P7天各組間沒(méi)有顯著差異。 5．在P3、P6天，空白對(duì)照組和6h組仔鼠水中翻正反射所需時(shí)間顯著低于12h組；P5天，6h組仔鼠水中翻正反射時(shí)間顯著低于12h組。 6．孕期E4-E19天內(nèi)3h的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)使出生后15天（P14）天的仔鼠的空中翻正反射得分顯著地高于其他3組，其他時(shí)間各組間仔鼠空間翻正反射得分沒(méi)有顯著性差異。 7．P12天時(shí)，3h組的仔鼠游泳得分顯著低于12h組；P13天時(shí)，3h組的仔鼠游泳得分顯著低于6h組，其他時(shí)間各組之間沒(méi)有顯著性差異。 8．在仔鼠出生后的P7和P14天，用OVAR方法自然刺激前庭，免疫組化方法顯示的Fos陽(yáng)性神經(jīng)元數(shù)量，在各組之間均無(wú)顯著性差異。P7天時(shí)腦干前庭相關(guān)核團(tuán)僅有少量的Fos陽(yáng)性神經(jīng)元，而在P14天時(shí)則有大量的Fos表達(dá)神經(jīng)元，且IO也出現(xiàn)Fos陽(yáng)性神經(jīng)元。 通過(guò)對(duì)結(jié)果分析得出以下結(jié)論： 1.每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（12h）的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激可使孕鼠焦躁，出現(xiàn)攝食量增加、產(chǎn)后體重增加較多、啃食仔鼠、遺棄仔鼠行為；而每天6h的較短時(shí)間的運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激則無(wú)顯著影響，且在整體趨勢(shì)上似乎對(duì)孕鼠體重的保持、產(chǎn)后體重的恢復(fù)有利。 2.每天3-12h的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激對(duì)胎鼠的整體發(fā)育沒(méi)有顯著影響，但從整體趨勢(shì)上看，每天6h的被動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)生后仔鼠體重的增加可能有促進(jìn)作用。 3.胚胎期每天12h的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)能顯著提高出生當(dāng)天仔鼠的平面反射能力，但其后的此項(xiàng)功能則低于6h組。從總的趨勢(shì)上看，E4-E19的胚胎期內(nèi)每天6h的旋轉(zhuǎn)刺激能夠提高仔鼠生后前庭功能。 4. E4-E19的胚胎期內(nèi)，每天3-12小時(shí)的變速旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)出生后仔鼠前庭系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育沒(méi)有顯著影響。 本研究結(jié)果對(duì)豐富運(yùn)動(dòng)與妊娠、胎兒發(fā)育的相關(guān)理論提供了部分基礎(chǔ)研究資料，具有一定的理論意義。
[Abstract]:The function of the vestibule system is to feel gravity and variable motion, to adjust the body posture, maintain balance, stabilize the vision in motion, regulate the visceral function and participate in spatial learning and memory through the integration of the central system. The embryonic development of the vestibule is second only to the sense of touch and the development of the feeling, and the development of the vestibule. Deficiency or obstacles not only affect vestibular function, but also inhibit visual, auditory development, cause balance barrier, movement coordination obstacle, and even reduce learning and memory ability. Gravity environment and variable speed motion stimulation are 2 main external factors affecting the development of vestibule system. To inhibit the normal development of the vestibule system and reduce or alter the vestibule function of the individual after birth. In the 1G gravity environment on the earth's surface, whether the variable movement can affect the development of the vestibule system, there is no systematic study of animal or human objects. It can reduce the occurrence of sensory integration of the offspring, improve the ability of exercise coordination and learning and memory, and be beneficial to the weight control and postpartum recovery of pregnant women, reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications such as pregnancy hypertension and gestational diabetes. With the development of science and technology, the life style of the human being has been greatly changed. In particular, there is a general decrease in the amount of exercise in pregnant women. It is believed that this may be the cause of modern children's sensory integration, attention deficit and hyperactivity, and vestibular dysfunction is the main factor. Whether there is the best intensity and duration of exercise intervention? Is there a critical period (the most sensitive period) of the effects of exercise on the structure and functional development of the vestibule system? These are both qualitative and quantitative subjects.
The results of our previous study showed that 4 to 19 days (E4-E19) of the development of mouse embryos in Kunming, the variable rotational motion stimulation of 40min in pregnant mice every day could significantly improve the plane reversal reflex and the ability to reverse the reflexes in the air. The best dry anticipation was E10-E15, but the ultrastructure of the vestibular organs was not significant. Changes. These preliminary results only confirm that the variable speed rotation stimulation in the embryo can improve the vestibule function of mice, and there is a sensitive critical period, but it does not reveal the most effective exercise intensity and duration (optimal exercise) and whether it has an effect on the development of the vestibule center. On the basis of the study, taking the Kunming mice as the target, the duration of the variable rotation movement of 3H, 6h and 12h was given 1 days before the birth of the embryo, and the effect on the vestibular function was detected by the method of behavior, and the expression of the vestibular nucleus expressed by the natural vestibular stimulation was detected by the immunohistochemical method to detect the above movement. In order to determine the optimal rotational speed of vestibular function, the duration of vestibular function and its influence on the development of vestibular center were determined.
The results of this study are as follows:
The variable rotation movement in the 1. pregnancy E4-E19 days had no significant influence on the weight of the pregnant rats in each group, but the 6h and 12h rotation groups had the trend of weight loss in the blank control group, and the postpartum weight of the female rats in the 6h rotation group was always at a lower level.
2. there was no significant difference in the average weight of P0-P15 days in the offspring of each group. Compared with the blank control group, the weight gain of the 6h rotation group was faster.
3. there was no significant difference in litter size, survival rate and the number of eyes opening and opening ears of offspring rats.
The speed of rotation and rotation of 12h during the 4. E4-E19 days of pregnancy made the success rate of flat reflex in the day of birth (P0) at birth was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and there was no significant difference between each group at P1-P7 days.
5. in P3 and P6 days, the time needed for water reversal in the blank control group and the 6h group was significantly lower than that in the 12h group, and on P5 days, the time of the reflex in the water of the 6h group was significantly lower than that in the 12h group.
The variable rotation movement of 3H during the 6. E4-E19 days of pregnancy resulted in a significantly higher score of positive reflex in the air on the 15 day (P14) days after birth than in the other 3 groups, and there was no significant difference in the score of the spatial reversal reflex in the other groups.
At 7.P12 days, the score of swimming in group 3H was significantly lower than that in group 12h, and at P13 days, the score of swimming in group 3H was significantly lower than that of group 6h, and there was no significant difference between the other groups at other time.
8. at the P7 and P14 days after the birth of the offspring, the vestibule was naturally stimulated by the OVAR method. There was no significant difference in the number of Fos positive neurons in the immunohistochemical method. There was only a small amount of Fos positive neurons in the vestibule related nuclei of the brain stem at.P7 days, while there was a large amount of Fos expression neurons in P14 days, and IO also appeared to be Fos positive. Jing Yuan.
Through the analysis of the results, the following conclusions are drawn.
1. a long time (12h) of variable speed rotation motor stimulation can make pregnant rats irritated, increase food intake, increase postpartum weight more, nibbling on offspring and abandoning the behavior of offspring, while the short time exercise stimulation of 6h has no significant influence on the whole trend, and it seems to maintain the weight of pregnant rats in the overall trend, and the recovery of postpartum weight is favorable.
2. the variable rotation motion of 3-12h per day has no significant effect on the overall development of fetal rats, but from the overall trend, the daily passive rotation of 6h may contribute to the increase of the weight of postnatal offspring.
The variable rotation movement of 12h per day at the 3. embryo stage could significantly improve the plane reflex ability of the offspring, but the subsequent function was lower than that of the 6h group. From the general trend, the rotation of 6h during the embryonic period of E4-E19 could improve the vestibule function of the offspring.
During the embryonic period of 4. E4-E19, the rotation of 3-12 hours per day had no significant effect on the development of vestibular system in offspring rats.
The results of this study provide some basic research data for enriching the relevant theories of exercise and pregnancy, fetal development, and have certain theoretical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R715.3;R764

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