本文選題：紫外線 + 定量　； 參考：《中國醫(yī)科大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 前言 臭氧層破壞這一重大環(huán)境問題提出后,紫外線氣候變化引發(fā)的皮膚癌和白內(nèi)障這兩個主要公共健康問題倍受國際社會關(guān)注。大量的流行病學研究和紫外線暴露評價調(diào)查都指出紫外線是引起白內(nèi)障的重要危險因素,眼部紫外線暴露劑量的準確定量是評價紫外線致白內(nèi)障危險性的關(guān)鍵。由于眼部紫外線暴露的影響因素較多,包括太陽高度角、海拔、地面反射、天空散射和面部解剖特征等,因此長期以來,個體眼部紫外線暴露的定量一直受到較大的限制。事實上,暴露于天然紫外線輻射場的個體,不僅與其眼部暴露朝向有關(guān),同時還受到眼眶、眉弓、鼻梁和頰部等面部結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。此外,人們還具有主動回避強太陽光線的本能,也正是因為這些復雜因素限制了我們對眼部紫外線暴露劑量的精確評價,成為眼部紫外線暴露致白內(nèi)障研究與預(yù)防的瓶頸問題。 為解決這一問題,以人一生眼睛面對各方位的概率基本均等為研究的出發(fā)點,研制了旋轉(zhuǎn)式眼部紫外線暴露模型。在本次研究中,將選用此模型在太陽高度角最高值可達到90°的三亞地區(qū)進行實地監(jiān)測,獲得人群眼部紫外線暴露的日間分布規(guī)律。根據(jù)眼部接收紫外線時太陽高度角及眼視角的幾何光學關(guān)系,結(jié)合環(huán)境紫外線輻射水平、以實地監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)為修正依據(jù),建立可用于計算個體眼紫外線累積暴露劑量的數(shù)學模型。該模型綜合考慮了地區(qū)變化,戶外活動方式變動等因素,將環(huán)境紫外線輻射量轉(zhuǎn)換成眼部紫外線暴露量,可以替代旋轉(zhuǎn)式眼部紫外線暴露模型實地監(jiān)測,較為準確和方便地獲得各地人群眼部紫外線的暴露情況,為客觀準確的預(yù)測和評價眼部紫外線暴露劑量致白內(nèi)障的危險性提供依據(jù)。 方法 1、選擇三亞太陽高度角最高和最低日前后一周,晴朗天氣下,采用個體紫外線旋轉(zhuǎn)模型進行實地監(jiān)測,所得數(shù)據(jù)繪制曲線圖,得到眼部紫外線暴露日間變化規(guī)律。 2、同時分析眼部紫外線暴露的幾何光學特征,依據(jù)環(huán)境紫外線輻射量的計算方法,通過引入?yún)?shù)調(diào)整,將其轉(zhuǎn)化為眼部紫外線的暴露量,建立眼紫外線暴露定量的數(shù)學模型。 3、數(shù)序模型計算所得眼紫外線暴露劑量與實際監(jiān)測所得暴露劑量進行比較分析,檢驗數(shù)學模型的準確性。 結(jié)果 1、分別用兩種公式計算環(huán)境紫外線輻射量,并于實測數(shù)據(jù)分析比較,得到較接近實測數(shù)據(jù)的環(huán)境紫外線輻射定量的公式,作為眼部紫外線暴露定量數(shù)學模型的基礎(chǔ)公式。 2、根據(jù)人體靜態(tài)眼部紫外線暴露光學特征,構(gòu)建人體眼部紫外線暴露定量的數(shù)學模型,并引入UFOV和Ee兩個參數(shù),初步建立人體眼部紫外線暴露瞬間強度數(shù)學模型。并將該模型所擬合的理論結(jié)果與同時同地監(jiān)測實測數(shù)據(jù)比較,二者基本一致。 3、根據(jù)人體動態(tài)眼部紫外線暴露光學特征,建立人體眼部紫外線累積暴露劑量的數(shù)學模型,編輯成計算機程序。通過驗證,該數(shù)學模型準確、可行,可用于評估其他地區(qū)人群眼部紫外線日間暴露累積劑量。 4、通過數(shù)學模型計算,太陽高度角是眼部紫外線暴露量的主要影響因素,太陽高度角40°附近時眼部紫外線暴露量最大。 結(jié)論 1、研究建立了眼部紫外線暴露定量的數(shù)學模型： 2、本研究通過眼部紫外線暴露瞬間強度數(shù)學模型計算得出：在太陽高度角40°左右時,進入眼部紫外線暴露量最大。 3、本研究所建立的個體眼紫外線累積暴露劑量的數(shù)學模型經(jīng)證實準確、可行,可以將其編輯成計算機軟件程序,用于預(yù)測和評估其他地區(qū)人群眼部紫外線日間暴露累積劑量。
[Abstract]:Foreword



In fact , exposure to natural UV radiation is a key risk factor for cataract . In fact , exposure to natural UV radiation is a key factor in the assessment of the risk of UV - induced cataract . In fact , the exposure to natural UV radiation has long been affected by exposure to ultraviolet rays .



In order to solve this problem , a rotary ocular ultraviolet exposure model is developed . In this study , a mathematical model is developed for the calculation of the exposure dose of ultraviolet radiation in the eyes of the population . In this study , a mathematical model can be used to calculate the exposure dose of ultraviolet radiation in the eyes of the population . The model comprehensively considers factors such as region change , variation of outdoor activities , and establishes a mathematical model which can be used to calculate the exposure dose of ultraviolet radiation in the individual eyes .



method



1 . Select the maximum height angle of the Sanya Sun and one week after the lowest date , and use the individual ultraviolet rotation model to carry out the field monitoring under clear weather , and draw a graph to obtain the variation law of the ultraviolet exposure of the eye .



2 . At the same time , the geometric and optical characteristics of UV exposure of eyes were analyzed . According to the calculation method of ultraviolet radiation quantity of environment , the mathematical model of ocular ultraviolet exposure was established by introducing parameter adjustment , converting it into exposure to ultraviolet rays of the eye .



and 3 , comparing and analyzing the exposure dose of the obtained eye ultraviolet light exposure dose and the actual monitored exposure dose , and verifying the accuracy of the mathematical model .



Results



1 . The ultraviolet radiation quantity of the two kinds of formulas is used to calculate the ultraviolet radiation quantity of the environment , and the formula for the quantitative mathematical model of ultraviolet radiation of the eye is obtained as the basic formula for the quantitative mathematical model of the ultraviolet exposure of the eye .



2 . Based on the optical characteristics of human body ' s static ocular ultraviolet exposure , a mathematical model of UV exposure quantification of human eyes was constructed , and the mathematical model of instantaneous intensity of ultraviolet exposure of human eyes was established . The theoretical results of the model were compared with the measured data at the same time .



and 3 , establishing a mathematical model of a human eye ultraviolet cumulative exposure dose according to the dynamic ocular ultraviolet exposure optical characteristic of the human body , and editing the computer program to be a computer program ; and through verification , the mathematical model is accurate and feasible , and can be used for evaluating the cumulative dose of ultraviolet rays of eyes of the eyes of other regions .



4 . According to the mathematical model , the solar altitude angle is the main influencing factor of the UV exposure of the eye , and the UV exposure of the eye is the largest near 40 擄 of the solar altitude .



Conclusion



1 . The quantitative mathematical model of ocular ultraviolet exposure was established .



2 . Based on the mathematical model of the instantaneous intensity of UV exposure in eyes , the UV exposure of the eyes was the largest when the solar altitude angle was about 40 擄 .



3 . The mathematical model of the cumulative exposure dose of the individual eyes established by the Institute is proved to be accurate and feasible , and can be edited into a computer software program for predicting and evaluating the cumulative dose of ultraviolet rays in the eyes of other regions .

【學位授予單位】：中國醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R776.1

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本文編號：1835937