本文選題：有限元模型　切入點(diǎn)：中耳　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：本研究通過Micro-CT掃描新鮮人的顳骨標(biāo)本,獲取不包括耳廓,完整外耳道、中耳、內(nèi)耳結(jié)構(gòu)的斷層圖片數(shù)據(jù)。以精確的斷層圖片為數(shù)據(jù)藍(lán)本,建立幾何模型、網(wǎng)格模型及有限元模型并加以驗(yàn)證。正確的有限元模型可用于模擬正常及病變外耳、中耳、內(nèi)耳結(jié)構(gòu),模擬異常及可行的修復(fù)措施,為臨床手術(shù)的改進(jìn)提供理論依據(jù)。 方法：自復(fù)旦大學(xué)上海醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室取得人類新鮮尸頭一枚,使用耳內(nèi)鏡確認(rèn)其外耳道及鼓膜正常完整,解剖尸頭,游離兩側(cè)顳骨。在手術(shù)顯微鏡下使用耳科電鉆修剪標(biāo)本,修剪后的顳骨標(biāo)本應(yīng)包括完整的內(nèi)耳、中耳腔、乳突氣房及外耳道等結(jié)構(gòu),并能穩(wěn)定的垂直固定于掃描艙。行Micro-CT掃描時(shí)使標(biāo)本外耳道口端朝下,設(shè)置為高精度掃描。掃描后分別行13微米及45微米重建,兩套數(shù)據(jù)都以DICOM格式保存。將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入MIMIC軟件,選擇顯示窗位及窗寬以求最佳顯示效果,從三個(gè)方位的斷層圖像檢驗(yàn)中耳各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的連續(xù)性,并選擇合適的方位建立新的二維斷層圖像。再將圖片導(dǎo)入PHOTOSHOP軟件行圖片切割,再倒入逆向成型軟件行三維重建,對(duì)各個(gè)部分在一個(gè)總體坐標(biāo)系中分別重建,并對(duì)重建的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化及分割。將重建的幾何模型導(dǎo)入有限元軟件進(jìn)行組裝及劃分網(wǎng)格,簡(jiǎn)歷有限元模型。最后賦予材料屬性及邊界條件進(jìn)行運(yùn)算,模擬結(jié)果同文獻(xiàn)中的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,檢驗(yàn)有限元模型的有效性及合理性。 結(jié)果：通過Micro-CT掃描產(chǎn)生的二維圖片,質(zhì)量較好,所有結(jié)構(gòu)在整個(gè)圖片集中可連續(xù)分辨。使用13微米及45微米重建圖片均可用于三維重建。使用45微米重建三維幾何模型,通過優(yōu)化及分割后,曲率連續(xù)的面片形成。導(dǎo)入有限元軟件,建立單元質(zhì)量較好及數(shù)量尚可的網(wǎng)格模型。賦予材料屬性及邊界條件,進(jìn)行模擬運(yùn)算,同文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果吻合較好。因內(nèi)耳結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,對(duì)膜迷路的標(biāo)本準(zhǔn)備尚缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn),Micro-CT 13微米重建圖片,對(duì)基底膜及前庭膜等結(jié)構(gòu)的分辨仍然較差。 結(jié)論：本模型優(yōu)化程度較高,運(yùn)算結(jié)果同文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果擬合較好。本研究報(bào)道的建立包括外耳及中耳的有限元模型的方法可行,所建立的模型可用于模擬外耳及中耳病變。然而,人耳是一個(gè)整體,因條件及技術(shù)原因,內(nèi)耳系統(tǒng)的重建方法需進(jìn)一步探索。
[Abstract]:Objective: in this study, Micro-CT scanning of fresh human temporal bone samples was performed to obtain sectional images of the structures of the auricle, external auditory canal, middle ear and inner ear, excluding auricle, external auditory canal, middle ear and inner ear.The geometric model, mesh model and finite element model are established and verified with accurate fault images.The correct finite element model can be used to simulate the structure of normal and diseased external ear, middle ear and inner ear, to simulate abnormal and feasible repair measures, and to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of clinical operation.Methods: a fresh head of human cadaver was obtained from the Department of Anatomy of Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University. The external auditory canal and tympanic membrane were confirmed by endoscopy. The head of cadaver was dissected and the temporal bone of both sides was free.The specimens of the temporal bone should include the inner ear, the middle ear cavity, the mastoid chamber and the external auditory canal under the operation microscope, and can be fixed vertically in the scanning chamber.During Micro-CT scanning, the external auditory meatus was turned down and set to high precision scanning.After scanning, 13 渭 m and 45 渭 m were reconstructed, and both sets of data were saved in DICOM format.The data were imported into MIMIC software to select the window position and window width for the best display effect. The continuity of each structure of the middle ear was examined from the three azimuth tomograms, and a new two-dimensional tomography image was established by selecting the appropriate orientation.Then the images are imported into the PHOTOSHOP software line to cut the pictures, and then the reverse molding software is poured into the 3D reconstruction software. Each part is reconstructed in a general coordinate system, and the geometric structure of the reconstructed line is optimized and segmented.The reconstructed geometric model is imported into the finite element software to assemble and mesh, and resume the finite element model.Finally, the material properties and boundary conditions are given to operate, and the simulation results are compared with the data in the literature to verify the validity and rationality of the finite element model.Results: the quality of two-dimensional images generated by Micro-CT scan was good, and all structures could be continuously resolved in the whole picture set.Both 13 and 45 micron images can be used for 3D reconstruction.The 3D geometric model is reconstructed by 45 micron. After optimized and segmented, the surface with continuous curvature is formed.The finite element software is introduced and the mesh model with good quality and quantity is established.The material properties and boundary conditions are given, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the literature results.Due to the complex structure of the inner ear, the preparation of the membrane labyrinth specimen is still lack of experience in micro-CT 13 micron reconstruction images, and the resolution of the basement membrane and vestibular membrane is still poor.Conclusion: this model has a high degree of optimization, and the results fit well with the results of literature.In this study, the finite element model of the outer ear and middle ear is feasible, and the established model can be used to simulate the lesion of the outer ear and the middle ear.However, the human ear is a whole, because of the condition and the technical reason, the reconstruction method of the inner ear system needs to be further explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：R764

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