本文關(guān)鍵詞： 知覺模板模型 成人弱視 知覺學(xué)習(xí) 對比敏感度　出處：《浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：弱視是一種常見的視覺發(fā)育性疾病,在臨床上通常表現(xiàn)為視力、對比敏感度以及立體視覺等視功能的損害。由于許多兒童弱視患者延誤了治療的最佳時(shí)期,使得我國成人弱視患者數(shù)量大幅增加。為了找到治療成人弱視的有效方法,近年來國內(nèi)外專家在弱視視覺缺損機(jī)制的研究中,發(fā)現(xiàn)了利用知覺模板模型(Prepertural Template Model,PTM)可以解釋成人弱視視功能損害的潛在機(jī)制,對該機(jī)制的研究有助于更全面的了解弱視的視功能缺陷,為應(yīng)用知覺訓(xùn)練方法治療成人弱視提供了重要的依據(jù)。 國內(nèi)外研究者利用PTM模型在研究成人弱視患者的視覺缺損機(jī)制中,發(fā)現(xiàn)成人弱視患者視覺敏銳度和對比敏感度的損害與內(nèi)部加法噪聲和模板匹配能力緊密相關(guān),表現(xiàn)為內(nèi)部加法噪聲的增加和模板匹配能力的變差,但由于沒有給出正常人PTM模型的參數(shù),因此不能定量描述弱視患者經(jīng)過知覺學(xué)習(xí)訓(xùn)練后內(nèi)部加法噪聲和視覺模板匹配能力的改變程度。本文分析了正常眼的PTM模型參數(shù),并通過分析成人弱視患者知覺學(xué)習(xí)訓(xùn)練前后的PTM模型參數(shù),確定患者視力和對比敏感度提高的潛在影響因素。本文的主要工作有以下幾個(gè)方面: 1、采用Xu(2006) PTM模型的心理物理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,測量了平均年齡為24.3的正常被試21人(42只正常眼)在外加噪聲情況下的對比度閾值,通過最優(yōu)參數(shù)擬合,得到正常人PTM模型的內(nèi)部加法噪聲、內(nèi)部乘法噪聲、信號(hào)增益、非線性因素,以這4個(gè)參數(shù)作為基準(zhǔn)參數(shù)對比分析成人弱視患者在知覺學(xué)習(xí)訓(xùn)練前、后表征內(nèi)部加法噪聲和模板匹配能力的參數(shù)。 2、在現(xiàn)有知覺學(xué)習(xí)治療成人弱視的研究基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于知覺學(xué)習(xí)的成人弱視訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)知覺學(xué)習(xí)的特異性和遷移性,設(shè)計(jì)了Gabor的識(shí)別訓(xùn)練,在訓(xùn)練中改變Gabor光柵的方向,對比度和空間頻率。另外,采用側(cè)翼加干擾的訓(xùn)練方式,來提高弱視患者的空間交互作用,促進(jìn)弱視患者視功能的恢復(fù)。在訓(xùn)練過程中根據(jù)患者當(dāng)前的訓(xùn)練情況實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)整訓(xùn)練參數(shù),每次訓(xùn)練的參數(shù)由系統(tǒng)根據(jù)最新的訓(xùn)練結(jié)果自動(dòng)獲得,確保患者始終在閾值附近訓(xùn)練。 3、對實(shí)驗(yàn)組平均年齡為20.2的5名成人弱視患者訓(xùn)練前后PTM模型的參數(shù),患者的視力、對比敏感度進(jìn)行分析。通過知覺學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行為期一個(gè)月的訓(xùn)練后,分析訓(xùn)練前后的數(shù)據(jù)表明:弱視視覺系統(tǒng)表征內(nèi)部加法噪聲的參數(shù)Aa和表征模板匹配能力的參數(shù)Af均有不同程度的下降,且趨向于正常眼的參數(shù)值1,其中內(nèi)部加法噪聲的降低更為顯著,對訓(xùn)練前、后Aa進(jìn)行Wilcoxon符號(hào)秩檢驗(yàn),p0.05,具有顯著性差異。同時(shí),經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對數(shù)E字視力表測量訓(xùn)練后視力平均提高1.4行,使用OPTEC6500測量訓(xùn)練后對比敏感度在5個(gè)空間頻率上均有不同程度的提高,經(jīng)配對t檢驗(yàn),p0.05,差異顯著。通過本文的知覺學(xué)習(xí)訓(xùn)練方法可以降低成人弱視患者的內(nèi)部加法噪聲和改善模板匹配能力,對提高視力和對比敏感度具有較好的作用。
[Abstract]:Amblyopia is a developmental disease common vision, usually in clinical performance for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereoscopic vision and visual function damage. Because many children amblyopia patients delayed treatment period, the number of China's adult amblyopia patients increased significantly. In order to find the effective method to treat adult amblyopia in recent years. Domestic and foreign experts in the amblyopic visual defect mechanism, found using perceptual template model (Prepertural Template Model, PTM) can explain the potential mechanism of adult amblyopia visual function impairment, contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of visual function deficits in amblyopia research on the mechanism, which provides an important basis for the application of perceptual training method for the treatment of adult amblyopia.
Using the PTM model in the visual defect mechanism of patients with adult amblyopia in research at home and abroad, found that adult patients with amblyopia visual acuity and contrast sensitivity damage and internal additive noise and template matching ability is closely related to increased additive noise and template matching ability of the poor, but because the parameters did not give normal people PTM model, it can not describe the change degree of amblyopia by perceptual learning training after internal additive noise and visual template matching ability. This paper analyzes the PTM model parameters of normal eyes, and through the analysis of adult amblyopia patients perceived PTM parameters before and after training, to determine the potential impact of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity improvement factor. The main work of this paper has the following several aspects:
1, using Xu (2006) psychophysical experiment scheme of PTM model, measured the average age of 24.3 normal subjects and 21 people (42 normal eyes) with contrast threshold of noise, the optimal parameter fitting, normal PTM model of internal additive noise, internal multiplicative noise, signal gain. Nonlinear factors on these 4 parameters as the benchmark parameter comparative analysis of adult patients with amblyopia in perceptual learning training, parameter characterization of internal additive noise and template matching ability.
2, learning the basic research on treatment of adult amblyopia in the existing perception, the design and implementation of the adult amblyopia training system based on perceptual learning. According to the specificity of perceptual learning and migration, the design of Gabor recognition training, change the direction of Gabor grating in training, contrast and spatial frequency. In addition, the wing added interference of training methods, to improve the spatial interaction of amblyopia patients, promote the recovery of visual function in amblyopia. In the process of training according to the current situation of training patients adjust the training parameters, the parameters of each training session automatically by the system according to the new training results, to ensure that patients are always near the threshold training.
3, the average age of the experimental group for the parameters of the PTM model before and after the 5 of 20.2 adult patients with amblyopia training, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity analysis. For a month of training through perceptual learning, data analysis before and after the training showed that the parameters of Aa and characterization of template amblyopia visual system characterization of additive noise the matching ability parameters of Af were decreased in varying degrees, the parameters of normal eyes and tend to value 1, which reduce the additive noise is more significant, for before training, after Aa Wilcoxon signed rank test, P0.05, with a significant difference. At the same time, the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart visual acuity E measurement after training on average improve the 1.4 lines, using OPTEC6500 measurements after training contrast sensitivity at 5 spatial frequencies were increased to different extent, the paired t test, P0.05, significant difference. Through the perceptual learning training method can be reduced The internal addition noise and the improved template matching ability of the patients with low adult amblyopia have a good effect on improving vision and contrast sensitivity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：R777.44

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