【摘要】：近些年來,中心動(dòng)脈壓的研究成為了心血管疾病學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域中備受關(guān)注的重要部分,通過對(duì)心血管疾病的研究可以預(yù)防一些日常的生理疾病,比如高血壓、糖尿病、血脂異常、動(dòng)脈硬化等。為了評(píng)估心血管疾病,需要測試很多受試者的血壓血流指標(biāo),比如增長因子AIx、收縮壓SBP、舒張壓DBP等。本研究對(duì)于生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程方面有著針對(duì)性的意義,在實(shí)驗(yàn)中測試者使用了中科院智能所自行開發(fā)的儀器,并駐點(diǎn)北京301醫(yī)院對(duì)各種病人進(jìn)行測試,從而獲得病人的各種橈動(dòng)脈、頸動(dòng)脈特征參數(shù)值。本人的工作是在團(tuán)隊(duì)中做橈動(dòng)脈血壓波形的系統(tǒng)建模分析,包括數(shù)學(xué)建模、力學(xué)參數(shù)建模以及在相應(yīng)模型基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行相關(guān)的測試和分析。其中數(shù)學(xué)建模的內(nèi)容是,通過頸動(dòng)脈到橈動(dòng)脈之間的血壓關(guān)聯(lián)求傳遞函數(shù);力學(xué)參數(shù)建模的內(nèi)容是,通過對(duì)橈動(dòng)脈血管模型進(jìn)行血壓、血流的基本理論推導(dǎo),補(bǔ)充了橈動(dòng)脈血管的振動(dòng)力學(xué)分析和血流動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。論文的基本內(nèi)容主要包括以下部分:1.橈動(dòng)脈血壓波形的阻抗建模和分析本節(jié)首先構(gòu)建橈動(dòng)脈的血管模型,首先推導(dǎo)最基本的阻抗模型,這個(gè)阻抗模型是用于關(guān)聯(lián)橈動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)部血壓和血流之間的關(guān)系,用一個(gè)頻域的函數(shù)通過血流推導(dǎo)血壓。其次用ARX模型和ARMAX模型來驗(yàn)證對(duì)于橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波血壓波形的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式,通過matlab軟件的系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)工具箱獲取對(duì)于波形的擬合效果,推出合適的階次和時(shí)延以更好的擬合橈動(dòng)脈血壓波形。之后作者進(jìn)一步討論了彈性腔模型,一個(gè)前人學(xué)者構(gòu)建的對(duì)于血壓波形的經(jīng)典模型。彈性腔模型把血管的血壓和血流假想成電路中的電壓和電流,把血管內(nèi)部的粘滯阻力假想成電路中的電阻,把血管內(nèi)部的順應(yīng)性假想成電路中的電容。經(jīng)典的彈性腔模型有一階模型和三階模型,一階模型是在電路中用一個(gè)電容器和一個(gè)電阻并聯(lián),三階模型是在電路中用兩個(gè)電容器和一個(gè)電阻并聯(lián)。一階模型是考慮血管片段式的簡單模型,三階模型是考慮血壓循環(huán)的結(jié)合中心動(dòng)脈和外周動(dòng)脈之間關(guān)聯(lián)而構(gòu)建的更為復(fù)雜的模型。本文對(duì)彈性腔模型的討論是為了探討橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波頻域分量的內(nèi)涵。在阻抗建模的基礎(chǔ)上,論文進(jìn)一步提出了構(gòu)建橈-頸動(dòng)脈脈搏波血壓波形的頻域傳遞函數(shù)。2.頸-橈動(dòng)脈傳遞函數(shù)和血流血壓波形的數(shù)學(xué)建模頸-橈動(dòng)脈傳遞函數(shù)是根據(jù)無創(chuàng)檢測的臨床需要而構(gòu)建的,在橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波血壓波形的獲取中首先要使用到基于張力測定法的脈搏波傳感器,由于頸動(dòng)脈埋藏較深并且相對(duì)移動(dòng),致使傳感器不好測量、信號(hào)采集困難,加之測量的時(shí)候需要按壓受試者的頸動(dòng)脈會(huì)給受試者帶來不適,所以頸-橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波傳遞函數(shù)的構(gòu)建有著重要的意義,頸動(dòng)脈的脈搏波波形可以通過橈動(dòng)脈脈搏波波形和傳遞函數(shù)來獲取。頸動(dòng)脈波形可以通過廣義傳遞函數(shù)計(jì)算,目前這種廣義傳遞函數(shù)方法最早是由美國約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的學(xué)者提出,開始主要在歐洲人群中構(gòu)建并驗(yàn)證。本研究初次在中國人群中使用了廣義傳遞函數(shù)方法,測量了 60個(gè)受試者的頸動(dòng)脈和橈動(dòng)脈波形,并在數(shù)據(jù)庫中匯總,再通過matlab程序來求頸動(dòng)脈波形信號(hào)和橈動(dòng)脈波形信號(hào)之間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)聯(lián),進(jìn)行傅里葉變換之后求得幅值和相位,計(jì)算幅值比和相位差,最后得到歸一化的頻域傳遞函數(shù)。3.橈動(dòng)脈的力學(xué)參數(shù)建模根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)測得的血壓生理信號(hào),可以分析各種因素對(duì)于血壓血流波形的影響。相比較于實(shí)測的波形信號(hào)分析,研究者還做了關(guān)于橈動(dòng)脈的力學(xué)參數(shù)建模的研究工作。其主要內(nèi)容是通過橈動(dòng)脈血管的力學(xué)模型推導(dǎo),讓血壓信號(hào)與各種參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系物理化,以便于進(jìn)行生物力學(xué)分析。通過理論推導(dǎo)和ANSYS的力學(xué)仿真,我們把理論推導(dǎo)和仿真圖、實(shí)驗(yàn)波形結(jié)合起來,分析血壓等因素對(duì)于橈動(dòng)脈波形的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上,探討了兩種常用的力學(xué)計(jì)算方法,分別是有限元方法和無網(wǎng)格方法。有限元方法是常用經(jīng)典方法,通過對(duì)一定的結(jié)構(gòu)劃分網(wǎng)格獲取最小的基本單元進(jìn)行力學(xué)求解。而無網(wǎng)格方法是通過使用形函數(shù)來回避劃分網(wǎng)格引起的一系列問題,用更優(yōu)化的計(jì)算方法來求解。相比之下,無網(wǎng)格方法更加新穎、計(jì)算效率更高。4.橈動(dòng)脈血管的振動(dòng)分析和血流動(dòng)力學(xué)分析論文最后做了橈動(dòng)脈血管在動(dòng)脈狹窄和正常血管兩種狀態(tài)下的振動(dòng)力學(xué)分析和血流動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。振動(dòng)力學(xué)分析考察了前三階振動(dòng)模態(tài)下的振動(dòng)力學(xué)云圖和振動(dòng)頻率,用ANSYS軟件做了血管在剛性狀態(tài)下(不考慮血液流動(dòng))的模態(tài)和應(yīng)變?cè)茍D,并進(jìn)一步討論了可以用于血管內(nèi)部的生物材料,主要是新興的生物材料包括石墨烯等。此外,為了探究微觀狀態(tài)下血管內(nèi)部血液流動(dòng)的不同影響,作者更深入的進(jìn)行了橈動(dòng)脈血管四組動(dòng)脈狹窄狀態(tài)下的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)分析:20%狹窄狀態(tài)、50%狹窄狀態(tài)、75%狹窄狀態(tài)、90%狹窄狀態(tài),運(yùn)用Gambit軟件做好血管的建模和網(wǎng)格劃分,再用Fluent軟件進(jìn)行流體分析,判斷不同程度下橈動(dòng)脈血管動(dòng)脈狹窄的特征對(duì)于血流的速度和壓強(qiáng)云圖有著什么樣的影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of central arterial pressure (CAP) has become an important part of cardiovascular disease research. Through the study of cardiovascular diseases, we can prevent some daily physiological diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis and so on. Flow indices, such as growth factor AIx, systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure DBP, etc. This study has a specific significance for biomedical engineering. In the experiment, the testers used the instruments developed by the Institute of Intelligence of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and were stationed in Beijing 301 Hospital to test various patients, so as to obtain the characteristics of the patients'radial artery and carotid artery. My work is to do systematic modeling and analysis of radial artery blood pressure waveform in a team, including mathematical modeling, mechanical parameter modeling and related testing and analysis based on the corresponding model. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Impedance modeling and analysis of radial artery blood pressure waveform. In this section, we first build a radial artery model, first push forward. The basic impedance model is used to correlate the relationship between blood pressure and blood flow in the radial artery. The blood pressure is derived from the blood flow by a function in the frequency domain. After that, the author further discussed the elastic cavity model, a classical model of blood pressure waveform constructed by predecessors. The elastic cavity model assumes the blood pressure and blood flow of the blood vessels as voltage and current in the circuit, and the blood flow is assumed to be blood. The classical elastic cavity model has a first-order model and a third-order model. The first-order model uses a capacitor and a resistor in parallel in the circuit. The third-order model uses two capacitors and a resistor in parallel in the circuit. The first-order model is a simple model which considers the vascular fragments, and the third-order model is a more complex model which considers the blood pressure circulation and the relationship between the central artery and the peripheral artery. Frequency domain transfer function for constructing radial-carotid pulse wave blood pressure waveform is proposed. Because the carotid artery is deeply buried and relatively moving, the sensor is difficult to measure, and the signal collection is difficult. In addition, when measuring, it is necessary to press the carotid artery of the subject, which will bring discomfort to the subject. Therefore, the construction of the carotid-radial pulse wave transfer function is of great significance. The carotid pulse waveform can be passed through the carotid artery. Carotid artery waveforms can be calculated by generalized transfer function (GTF). The GTF method was first proposed by researchers at Johns Hopkins University in the United States and was primarily constructed and validated in European populations. The waveforms of the carotid and radial arteries of 60 subjects were measured and summarized in the database. The mathematical correlation between the waveforms of the carotid and radial arteries was obtained by MATLAB program. After Fourier transform, the amplitude and phase were obtained, the amplitude ratio and phase difference were calculated, and the normalized frequency domain transmission was finally obtained. Function 3. The mechanical parameter modeling of radial artery can analyze the influence of various factors on blood pressure and blood flow waveform according to the physiological signals of blood pressure. Compared with the measured waveform signal analysis, the researcher has also done the research work on the mechanical parameter modeling of radial artery. Through theoretical derivation and ANSYS mechanical simulation, we combine theoretical derivation with simulation diagram and experimental waveform to analyze the influence of blood pressure and other factors on radial artery waveform. Finite element method and meshless method are used to solve mechanics problems. Finite element method is a classical method to obtain the smallest basic element by meshing a certain structure. 4. Vibration analysis and hemodynamics analysis of radial artery under two states of arterial stenosis and normal blood vessels are done. Vibration mechanics analysis of radial artery under the first three vibration modes is investigated. Dynamic nephogram and vibration frequency were used to make the modal and strain nephogram of blood vessel in rigid state (without considering blood flow) by ANSYS software, and further discussed the biomaterials which can be used in blood vessel interior, mainly the new biomaterials including graphene and so on. With the same effect, the author made a more in-depth analysis of the hemodynamics of four groups of radial artery stenosis: 20% stenosis, 50% stenosis, 75% stenosis, 90% stenosis. Gambit software was used to model and mesh the vessels. Fluent software was used to analyze the flow of radial artery in different degrees. The characteristics of pulse stenosis affect the blood flow velocity and pressure cloud picture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R54

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