【摘要】：近些年來,中心動脈壓的研究成為了心血管疾病學術領域中備受關注的重要部分,通過對心血管疾病的研究可以預防一些日常的生理疾病,比如高血壓、糖尿病、血脂異常、動脈硬化等。為了評估心血管疾病,需要測試很多受試者的血壓血流指標,比如增長因子AIx、收縮壓SBP、舒張壓DBP等。本研究對于生物醫(yī)學工程方面有著針對性的意義,在實驗中測試者使用了中科院智能所自行開發(fā)的儀器,并駐點北京301醫(yī)院對各種病人進行測試,從而獲得病人的各種橈動脈、頸動脈特征參數值。本人的工作是在團隊中做橈動脈血壓波形的系統(tǒng)建模分析,包括數學建模、力學參數建模以及在相應模型基礎上進行相關的測試和分析。其中數學建模的內容是,通過頸動脈到橈動脈之間的血壓關聯求傳遞函數;力學參數建模的內容是,通過對橈動脈血管模型進行血壓、血流的基本理論推導,補充了橈動脈血管的振動力學分析和血流動力學分析。論文的基本內容主要包括以下部分:1.橈動脈血壓波形的阻抗建模和分析本節(jié)首先構建橈動脈的血管模型,首先推導最基本的阻抗模型,這個阻抗模型是用于關聯橈動脈血管內部血壓和血流之間的關系,用一個頻域的函數通過血流推導血壓。其次用ARX模型和ARMAX模型來驗證對于橈動脈脈搏波血壓波形的數學表達式,通過matlab軟件的系統(tǒng)辨識工具箱獲取對于波形的擬合效果,推出合適的階次和時延以更好的擬合橈動脈血壓波形。之后作者進一步討論了彈性腔模型,一個前人學者構建的對于血壓波形的經典模型。彈性腔模型把血管的血壓和血流假想成電路中的電壓和電流,把血管內部的粘滯阻力假想成電路中的電阻,把血管內部的順應性假想成電路中的電容。經典的彈性腔模型有一階模型和三階模型,一階模型是在電路中用一個電容器和一個電阻并聯,三階模型是在電路中用兩個電容器和一個電阻并聯。一階模型是考慮血管片段式的簡單模型,三階模型是考慮血壓循環(huán)的結合中心動脈和外周動脈之間關聯而構建的更為復雜的模型。本文對彈性腔模型的討論是為了探討橈動脈脈搏波頻域分量的內涵。在阻抗建模的基礎上,論文進一步提出了構建橈-頸動脈脈搏波血壓波形的頻域傳遞函數。2.頸-橈動脈傳遞函數和血流血壓波形的數學建模頸-橈動脈傳遞函數是根據無創(chuàng)檢測的臨床需要而構建的,在橈動脈脈搏波血壓波形的獲取中首先要使用到基于張力測定法的脈搏波傳感器,由于頸動脈埋藏較深并且相對移動,致使傳感器不好測量、信號采集困難,加之測量的時候需要按壓受試者的頸動脈會給受試者帶來不適,所以頸-橈動脈脈搏波傳遞函數的構建有著重要的意義,頸動脈的脈搏波波形可以通過橈動脈脈搏波波形和傳遞函數來獲取。頸動脈波形可以通過廣義傳遞函數計算,目前這種廣義傳遞函數方法最早是由美國約翰霍普金斯大學的學者提出,開始主要在歐洲人群中構建并驗證。本研究初次在中國人群中使用了廣義傳遞函數方法,測量了 60個受試者的頸動脈和橈動脈波形,并在數據庫中匯總,再通過matlab程序來求頸動脈波形信號和橈動脈波形信號之間的數學關聯,進行傅里葉變換之后求得幅值和相位,計算幅值比和相位差,最后得到歸一化的頻域傳遞函數。3.橈動脈的力學參數建模根據實驗測得的血壓生理信號,可以分析各種因素對于血壓血流波形的影響。相比較于實測的波形信號分析,研究者還做了關于橈動脈的力學參數建模的研究工作。其主要內容是通過橈動脈血管的力學模型推導,讓血壓信號與各種參數之間的關系物理化,以便于進行生物力學分析。通過理論推導和ANSYS的力學仿真,我們把理論推導和仿真圖、實驗波形結合起來,分析血壓等因素對于橈動脈波形的影響。在此基礎上,探討了兩種常用的力學計算方法,分別是有限元方法和無網格方法。有限元方法是常用經典方法,通過對一定的結構劃分網格獲取最小的基本單元進行力學求解。而無網格方法是通過使用形函數來回避劃分網格引起的一系列問題,用更優(yōu)化的計算方法來求解。相比之下,無網格方法更加新穎、計算效率更高。4.橈動脈血管的振動分析和血流動力學分析論文最后做了橈動脈血管在動脈狹窄和正常血管兩種狀態(tài)下的振動力學分析和血流動力學分析。振動力學分析考察了前三階振動模態(tài)下的振動力學云圖和振動頻率,用ANSYS軟件做了血管在剛性狀態(tài)下(不考慮血液流動)的模態(tài)和應變云圖,并進一步討論了可以用于血管內部的生物材料,主要是新興的生物材料包括石墨烯等。此外,為了探究微觀狀態(tài)下血管內部血液流動的不同影響,作者更深入的進行了橈動脈血管四組動脈狹窄狀態(tài)下的血流動力學分析:20%狹窄狀態(tài)、50%狹窄狀態(tài)、75%狹窄狀態(tài)、90%狹窄狀態(tài),運用Gambit軟件做好血管的建模和網格劃分,再用Fluent軟件進行流體分析,判斷不同程度下橈動脈血管動脈狹窄的特征對于血流的速度和壓強云圖有著什么樣的影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of central arterial pressure (CAP) has become an important part of cardiovascular disease research. Through the study of cardiovascular diseases, we can prevent some daily physiological diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis and so on. Flow indices, such as growth factor AIx, systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure DBP, etc. This study has a specific significance for biomedical engineering. In the experiment, the testers used the instruments developed by the Institute of Intelligence of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and were stationed in Beijing 301 Hospital to test various patients, so as to obtain the characteristics of the patients'radial artery and carotid artery. My work is to do systematic modeling and analysis of radial artery blood pressure waveform in a team, including mathematical modeling, mechanical parameter modeling and related testing and analysis based on the corresponding model. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Impedance modeling and analysis of radial artery blood pressure waveform. In this section, we first build a radial artery model, first push forward. The basic impedance model is used to correlate the relationship between blood pressure and blood flow in the radial artery. The blood pressure is derived from the blood flow by a function in the frequency domain. After that, the author further discussed the elastic cavity model, a classical model of blood pressure waveform constructed by predecessors. The elastic cavity model assumes the blood pressure and blood flow of the blood vessels as voltage and current in the circuit, and the blood flow is assumed to be blood. The classical elastic cavity model has a first-order model and a third-order model. The first-order model uses a capacitor and a resistor in parallel in the circuit. The third-order model uses two capacitors and a resistor in parallel in the circuit. The first-order model is a simple model which considers the vascular fragments, and the third-order model is a more complex model which considers the blood pressure circulation and the relationship between the central artery and the peripheral artery. Frequency domain transfer function for constructing radial-carotid pulse wave blood pressure waveform is proposed. Because the carotid artery is deeply buried and relatively moving, the sensor is difficult to measure, and the signal collection is difficult. In addition, when measuring, it is necessary to press the carotid artery of the subject, which will bring discomfort to the subject. Therefore, the construction of the carotid-radial pulse wave transfer function is of great significance. The carotid pulse waveform can be passed through the carotid artery. Carotid artery waveforms can be calculated by generalized transfer function (GTF). The GTF method was first proposed by researchers at Johns Hopkins University in the United States and was primarily constructed and validated in European populations. The waveforms of the carotid and radial arteries of 60 subjects were measured and summarized in the database. The mathematical correlation between the waveforms of the carotid and radial arteries was obtained by MATLAB program. After Fourier transform, the amplitude and phase were obtained, the amplitude ratio and phase difference were calculated, and the normalized frequency domain transmission was finally obtained. Function 3. The mechanical parameter modeling of radial artery can analyze the influence of various factors on blood pressure and blood flow waveform according to the physiological signals of blood pressure. Compared with the measured waveform signal analysis, the researcher has also done the research work on the mechanical parameter modeling of radial artery. Through theoretical derivation and ANSYS mechanical simulation, we combine theoretical derivation with simulation diagram and experimental waveform to analyze the influence of blood pressure and other factors on radial artery waveform. Finite element method and meshless method are used to solve mechanics problems. Finite element method is a classical method to obtain the smallest basic element by meshing a certain structure. 4. Vibration analysis and hemodynamics analysis of radial artery under two states of arterial stenosis and normal blood vessels are done. Vibration mechanics analysis of radial artery under the first three vibration modes is investigated. Dynamic nephogram and vibration frequency were used to make the modal and strain nephogram of blood vessel in rigid state (without considering blood flow) by ANSYS software, and further discussed the biomaterials which can be used in blood vessel interior, mainly the new biomaterials including graphene and so on. With the same effect, the author made a more in-depth analysis of the hemodynamics of four groups of radial artery stenosis: 20% stenosis, 50% stenosis, 75% stenosis, 90% stenosis. Gambit software was used to model and mesh the vessels. Fluent software was used to analyze the flow of radial artery in different degrees. The characteristics of pulse stenosis affect the blood flow velocity and pressure cloud picture.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R54

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