本文選題：高血壓　切入點(diǎn)：知識(shí)-態(tài)度-行為　出處：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的:了解重慶主城區(qū)高血壓病人對(duì)終止高血壓膳食(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH)的知識(shí)、態(tài)度、行為(knowledge,attitude and practice,K-A-P)水平,分析K、A、P三者間的相互關(guān)系以及影響知識(shí)、態(tài)度、行為水平的因素,為開(kāi)展高血壓病人DASH教育及干預(yù)提供參考和依據(jù)。方法:隨機(jī)抽取兩個(gè)重慶市的主城區(qū),再?gòu)膬蓞^(qū)中各隨機(jī)抽取一個(gè)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)站作為調(diào)查點(diǎn),采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的DASH的KAP問(wèn)卷對(duì)2016年4~6月前來(lái)就診、咨詢的高血壓病人進(jìn)行面對(duì)面問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查完成后,使用Epidata3.1進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的雙錄入,采用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)、方差分析進(jìn)行均數(shù)間的比較;采用Pearson相關(guān)分析知識(shí)、態(tài)度、行為三者間關(guān)系;采用多元線性回歸分析DASH相關(guān)知識(shí)得分、態(tài)度得分、行為得分的影響因素。結(jié)果:共回收445份有效調(diào)查問(wèn)卷。高血壓病人DASH的K、A、P平均得分分別為3.5±1.9分,6.0±0.9分,5.1±1.4分(均為10分制)。在知識(shí)部分,高血壓病人對(duì)DASH推薦牛奶份量的知曉率最低僅為3.1%,其次是對(duì)DASH推薦水果份量的知曉率為3.4%;高血壓病人對(duì)“如何選擇食用油”的知曉率最高,為78.6%。在態(tài)度部分,“飯只吃7分飽”的贊同率和非常贊同率的總和為85.4%,贊同率最高;“飲食可以控制血壓”的贊同率和非常贊同率的總和為64.1%;仍有24.7%、18.5%的病人對(duì)“高血壓不礙事”及“應(yīng)減少在外就餐”持無(wú)所謂態(tài)度。在行為部分,每天水果、牛奶、堅(jiān)果攝入份量達(dá)到DASH推薦份量的比例極低,分別僅為1.6%、1.6%、2.5%。Pearson相關(guān)分析顯示知識(shí)總得分與態(tài)度總得分(r=0.238,P=0.000)、知識(shí)總得分與行為總得分(r=0.451,P=0.000)、態(tài)度總得分與行為總得分(r=0.396,P=0.000)均呈正相關(guān)。多元線性回歸分析結(jié)果顯示影響DASH相關(guān)知識(shí)得分主要因素為文化程度、吸煙情況、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)情況;影響態(tài)度得分主要因素為知識(shí)得分、性別、年齡、身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(Body Mass Index,BMI)、吸煙情況、血壓監(jiān)測(cè)頻率;影響行為得分主要因素為知識(shí)得分、態(tài)度得分、是否在職、吸煙情況及文化程度。結(jié)論:重慶市高血壓病人DASH相關(guān)知識(shí)水平較差、行為水平較差但是態(tài)度較為積極。知識(shí)和態(tài)度均對(duì)降血壓飲食行為有正面的影響,知識(shí)對(duì)行為的影響程度最大。不同人口學(xué)特征對(duì)知識(shí)水平、態(tài)度水平、行為水平均有一定的影響。建議健康教育應(yīng)以提高病人DASH相關(guān)知識(shí)作為干預(yù)重點(diǎn),對(duì)不同人口學(xué)特征的調(diào)查對(duì)象應(yīng)采取有針對(duì)性的教育措施,此外應(yīng)加強(qiáng)自我健康行為水平較差的病人的健康教育。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of essential approaches to stop hypertensionism (DASH) in essential hypertension patients in main urban areas of Chongqing, and to analyze the relationship among them and the factors influencing their knowledge, attitude and behavior. Methods: two main urban areas of Chongqing were randomly selected, and then one health service station was randomly selected from each of the two districts as the investigation point. The self-designed KAP questionnaire of DASH was used to investigate the hypertension patients who came to visit from 2016 to June. After the investigation was completed, the data were inputted by Epidata3.1. SPSS17.0 software was used for data analysis. Independent sample t-test and variance analysis were used to compare the mean; Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship among knowledge, attitude and behavior; multiple linear regression analysis was used to score DASH correlation knowledge. Results: a total of 445 valid questionnaires were collected. The average score of DASH in hypertensive patients was 3.5 鹵1.9, 6.0 鹵0.9 and 5.1 鹵1.4 (all 10). The lowest awareness rate of DASH recommended milk was 3.1 for hypertensive patients, followed by 3.4 for fruit recommended by DASH, and the highest for hypertensive patients was "how to choose edible oil". In the attitude part, the sum of approval rate and very approval rate of "eating only seven points full" is 85.4, the approval rate of "diet can control blood pressure" is 64.1%, and there are still 24.7% of patients with "high blood". Keep out of the way "and" eat out "do not care." in the behavior section, The daily intake of fruit, milk and nuts is extremely low in proportion to the DASH recommended portion. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of knowledge and attitude was 0.238P0.000, the total score of knowledge and behavior was 0.451P0.000, and the total score of attitude and behavior was 0.396P0.000. the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the total score of knowledge and attitude and the total score of attitude and behavior. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the total score of knowledge and the total score of behavior, the total score of knowledge and behavior, and the total score of attitude and behavior. The main factors of knowledge score are education level, Smoking status, blood pressure monitoring, knowledge score, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, blood pressure monitoring frequency, knowledge score and attitude score were the main factors influencing attitude score. Conclusion: the level of DASH related knowledge and behavior of hypertension patients in Chongqing is poor, but the attitude is more positive. Knowledge and attitude have positive influence on the diet behavior of lowering blood pressure. Knowledge has the greatest influence on behavior. Different demographic characteristics have a certain effect on the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior. It is suggested that health education should focus on the improvement of patients' DASH related knowledge. The survey subjects with different demographic characteristics should take targeted education measures and strengthen the health education of patients with poor self-health behavior.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R544.1

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