本文選題：相襯CT　切入點(diǎn)：膽管結(jié)扎　出處：《天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：X射線相位襯度成像(phase-contrast imaging,PCI)簡稱相襯成像,在揭示生物樣品內(nèi)部細(xì)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)方面已展現(xiàn)出其優(yōu)勢。與傳統(tǒng)的基于吸收的X射線成像方法不同,相襯成像的襯度變化來自于相位位移,即當(dāng)X射線穿過樣品時(shí)引起的相位移動,相襯成像產(chǎn)生的圖像襯度變化大約是吸收襯度變化的1000倍。近年來,相襯成像結(jié)合CT成像(相襯CT)發(fā)展很快,在具有弱吸收襯度的生物軟組織成像中,可用來評估軟組織內(nèi)部微小的密度變化。本研究利用相襯CT成像技術(shù),重建了膽管結(jié)扎誘導(dǎo)肝纖維化大鼠肝臟組織中及人膽汁性肝硬化樣品組織中的脈管微觀結(jié)構(gòu),并利用定量分析指標(biāo)評估了肝纖維化發(fā)展過程中脈管微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)、本文首先探究了相襯CT成像技術(shù)在膽管結(jié)扎誘導(dǎo)肝纖維化增生膽管三維成像上的可能性。10只Sprague-Dawley大鼠平均分成兩組:假手術(shù)組和膽管結(jié)扎纖維化組。同時(shí),引入人體膽汁性肝硬化樣品,利用相襯CT高分辨率三維可視化技術(shù)對肝臟樣品進(jìn)行成像。結(jié)果表明,在膽管結(jié)扎誘導(dǎo)肝纖維化模型中,相襯CT高分辨率三維成像在不注射造影劑的條件下,能夠探測到增生膽管的管腔和內(nèi)壁微觀結(jié)構(gòu)。并且由重建的增生膽管三維結(jié)構(gòu)可見增生膽管的分叉,分支的伸長和扭曲,以及管腔表面起褶等特征。通過相襯CT和病理切片的比較,證實(shí)相襯CT作為一種無創(chuàng)成像模式在膽管成像上具有高度敏感性。除此之外,通過對人體膽汁性肝硬化樣品進(jìn)行成像,發(fā)現(xiàn)增生膽管表面同樣存在褶皺現(xiàn)象。研究表明相襯CT可作為一種有效手段評估膽汁性肝硬化疾病中膽管增生的形態(tài)學(xué)發(fā)展變化。(2)、為觀察肝纖維化發(fā)展過程中增生膽管的變化,在以上實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,增加了膽管結(jié)扎樣品分組。除了假手術(shù)組和膽管結(jié)扎后6周組樣品,還包括膽管結(jié)扎后2周組、4周組和8周組,每組肝臟樣品數(shù)量為8個(gè)。通過對肝臟樣品進(jìn)行9μm分辨率成像,重建出肝臟脈管樹三維結(jié)構(gòu),并且對其三維脈管密度進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。本研究將相襯CT和高分辨率三維可視化技術(shù)相結(jié)合,重建出肝纖維化發(fā)展不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的增生膽管結(jié)構(gòu)。并且基于三維結(jié)構(gòu)定量分析了增生膽管的三維增生密度和分形維數(shù)。此外,初步探討了膽管結(jié)扎模型中門脈壓力變化機(jī)制。研究表明,三維脈管密度隨著纖維化時(shí)間發(fā)展逐漸增大,纖維面積比值逐漸增大,增生膽管數(shù)量和動脈數(shù)量越來越多。門脈小支缺失、膽管增生、膠原纖維沉積會造成門脈壓力值升高,但是在疑似動脈脈管黏連相融、靜脈吻合支以及疑似淋巴管膨脹增生等分壓作用下,門脈壓力值并沒有發(fā)生明顯變化。研究證明相襯CT技術(shù)為利用微脈管的改變來評估肝纖維化疾病的發(fā)展提供了一種新的方法和方向。
[Abstract]:Phase-contrast imaging (PCI) for short has shown its advantages in revealing the detailed structure of biological samples. Unlike traditional absorption-based X-ray imaging methods, the contrast changes of phase contrast imaging come from phase shift. That is, the phase shift caused by X-ray passing through the sample, the contrast change produced by phase contrast imaging is about 1000 times as much as that of absorption contrast. In recent years, phase contrast imaging combined with CT imaging (phase contrast CT) has developed rapidly. In the biological soft tissue imaging with weak absorption contrast, it can be used to evaluate the tiny density change inside the soft tissue. The vascular microstructures in the liver tissue of rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and in the samples of human biliary cirrhosis were reconstructed. The changes of vascular microstructures during the development of hepatic fibrosis were evaluated by quantitative analysis. The main contents of this study are as follows: firstly, the feasibility of contrast CT imaging in three dimensional imaging of hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation was studied. 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: sham operation group and bile duct ligation fibrosis group. The liver samples were imaged by phase contrast CT with high resolution 3D visualization. The results showed that in the model of hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation, liver fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation. Contrast CT high resolution 3D imaging can detect the microstructures of the lumen and inner wall of the hyperplastic bile duct without injection of contrast medium, and the branching, extension and distortion of the branches can be seen from the reconstructed three-dimensional structure of the hyperplastic bile duct. By comparing contrast CT with pathological sections, it is proved that phase contrast CT is highly sensitive to cholangiography as a non-invasive imaging mode. By imaging samples of human biliary cirrhosis, It has been found that there are folds on the surface of the proliferative bile duct. The study shows that contrast CT can be used as an effective method to evaluate the morphological changes of bile duct hyperplasia in patients with biliary cirrhosis, in order to observe the changes of the proliferative bile duct during the development of hepatic fibrosis. On the basis of the above experiments, the bile duct ligation sample groups were added. In addition to the sham operation group and the bile duct ligation group 6 weeks after ligation, the bile duct ligation group included 4 weeks and 8 weeks after bile duct ligation. The number of liver samples in each group was 8. Three dimensional structure of hepatic vascular tree was reconstructed by 9 渭 m resolution imaging of liver samples. In this study, contrast CT and high resolution 3D visualization were combined. The structure of the hyperplastic bile duct at different time points in the development of hepatic fibrosis was reconstructed. Based on the three-dimensional structure, the density and fractal dimension of the proliferative bile duct were quantitatively analyzed. The change mechanism of portal pressure in bile duct ligation model was preliminarily discussed. The results showed that the density of three dimensional vessels increased gradually with the development of fibrosis, and the ratio of fiber area increased gradually. The number of proliferative bile ducts and the number of arteries are increasing. The loss of small branches of portal vein, the proliferation of bile duct, and the deposition of collagen fibers can increase the pressure of portal vein, but in the case of suspected arterial vascular adhesion and fusion, Under the action of venous anastomotic branch and suspected expansion and proliferation of lymphatic vessels, The contrast CT technique provides a new method and direction to evaluate the development of hepatic fibrosis disease by using microvascular changes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R575.2;R816.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 謝紅蘭;鄧彪;杜國浩;付亞楠;陳榮昌;周光照;任玉琦;王玉丹;薛艷玲;彭冠云;和友;郭瀚;肖體喬;;Latest advances of X-ray imaging and biomedical applications beamline at SSRF[J];Nuclear Science and Techniques;2015年02期

2 李蓓蕾;張一秋;蔡良;杜國浩;黃萬霞;石洪成;陳紹亮;;同步輻射衍射增強(qiáng)和類同軸相襯技術(shù)離體人肝內(nèi)膽管擴(kuò)張成像[J];中華肝臟病雜志;2015年04期

3 王向陽;楊正漢;周誠;;MR彈性成像及其臨床應(yīng)用[J];中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)雜志;2013年05期

4 王一嬌;唐少珊;趙國家;;超聲實(shí)時(shí)組織彈性成像評價(jià)大鼠肝纖維化分期[J];中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)雜志;2013年04期

5 段敬豪;胡春紅;羅述謙;;基于相襯CT的肝纖維化血管三維可視化研究[J];光電子.激光;2012年10期

6 向秋靜;李晶;劉蘋;孫建奇;;基于同步輻射的不同時(shí)期腫瘤新生血管形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)定量的初步分析[J];中國醫(yī)療器械雜志;2012年02期

7 伍亞軍,葉安培,王霄英,付京波,蔣學(xué)祥;基于MRI的動物肝臟脈管分割與三維重建[J];中國醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù);2005年08期

8 Pamela S.Tietz;Robert C.Huebert;Anatoliy Masyuk;Tatyana Masyuk;Patrick L.Splinter;Nicholas F.LaRusso;;Experimental models to study cholangiocyte biology[J];World Journal of Gastroenterology;2002年01期

9 周密;谷圣美;趙俊;;適用于三維微血管成像的定量分析方法[J];北京生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程;2013年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 簡建波;基于相襯CT的肝纖維化血管與膠原三維可視化及肝細(xì)胞癌顯微成像研究[D];天津醫(yī)科大學(xué);2016年

2 軒瑞嬌;基于X射線相襯CT的肝纖維化微血管定量分析與血管類型區(qū)分研究[D];天津醫(yī)科大學(xué);2015年

3 段敬豪;基于X射線相襯CT的肝纖維化和肝血管瘤顯微成像研究[D];天津醫(yī)科大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1604573