【摘要】：目的探討引入多人談話噪聲(babble noise,BN)后,詞匯學(xué)效應(yīng)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性噪聲環(huán)境下對(duì)正常聽力兒童言語識(shí)別能力的影響及其隨年齡增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展特性。方法以212例3~6歲的正常聽力兒童為研究對(duì)象,使用普通話詞匯相鄰性測(cè)試(Mandarin lexical neighborhood test,MLNT)材料(含雙音節(jié)易詞、雙音節(jié)難詞、單音節(jié)易詞、單音節(jié)難詞四類詞表),在安靜條件下給聲強(qiáng)度70dB SPL,多人談話噪聲下信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)為4dB,對(duì)所有對(duì)象進(jìn)行開放式言語測(cè)試,分別獲取四類詞表在安靜和噪聲條件下的言語識(shí)別率,并比較3、4、5、6歲組兒童的結(jié)果。結(jié)果在安靜條件下正常聽力兒童雙音節(jié)易、難詞及單音節(jié)易、難詞的識(shí)別率分別為96.45%±5.17%、88.87%±7.73%、91.90%±7.31%、82.38%±7.95%,噪聲下四類詞表言語識(shí)別率分別為85.34%±11.23%、66.42%±11.08%、68.81%±15.99%、48.58%±12.81%,在噪聲下的各詞表言語識(shí)別率顯著低于安靜條件下(P0.05)。在安靜和噪聲條件下對(duì)詞匯學(xué)效應(yīng)的影響顯示易詞的識(shí)別率高于難詞(P0.05),雙音節(jié)詞言語識(shí)別率高于單音節(jié)詞(P0.05),且在噪聲下比安靜環(huán)境下影響更明顯。噪聲下不同年齡組中3歲組四類詞表言語識(shí)別率分別為80.83%±12.65%、60.63%±9.13%、58.54%±12.98%、41.88%±11.69%,6歲組分別為92.38%±6.64%、71.90%±10.66%、76.90%±14.53%、57.14%±12.61%,3~6歲聽力正常兒童噪聲下言語識(shí)別能力隨年齡增長(zhǎng)顯著提高(P0.05)。結(jié)論在噪聲下詞匯學(xué)效應(yīng)對(duì)聽力正常兒童詞匯提取的影響較安靜環(huán)境下更明顯,雙音節(jié)詞和易詞更易獲取,單音節(jié)詞和難詞更難獲取;3~6歲聽力正常兒童噪聲下的言語識(shí)別能力隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而提高,且在6歲時(shí)仍未達(dá)到平臺(tái)期。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the influence of lexical effects on speech recognition ability of normal hearing children under competitive noise after introducing multi-person talk noise (babble noise,BN) and its developmental characteristics with age. Methods A total of 212 normal hearing children aged 3 to 6 years old were studied by using the contiguity test of Putonghua vocabulary (Mandarin lexical neighborhood test,MLNT) materials (including disyllabic words, disyllabic difficult words, monosyllabic difficult words). The signal-to-noise ratio (signal to noise ratio,SNR) is 4dBunder the sound intensity 70dB SPL, multiperson conversation noise. The speech recognition rate of the four categories of lexicon under quiet and noise conditions is obtained by open speech test. The results of children aged 6 years were compared. Results the recognition rate of difficult words was 96.45% 鹵5.17% 鹵88.87% 鹵7.73% 鹵91.90% 鹵7.31% 鹵7.31% and 82.38% 鹵7.95%, respectively, in the normal hearing children under quiet conditions, and the recognition rates of difficult words were 96.45% 鹵5.17% 鹵7.73% and 91.90% 鹵7.31% 鹵7.95%, respectively. The speech recognition rates of the four categories of words under noise were 85.34% 鹵11.2342% 鹵11.0882% and 68.81% 鹵15.99.1% 鹵48.58% 鹵12.81%, respectively. The speech recognition rate of each word table under noise was significantly lower than that under quiet condition (P0.05). The effect on lexical effects under quiet and noise conditions showed that the recognition rate of easy words was higher than that of difficult words (P0.05), and the speech recognition rate of two-syllable words was higher than that of monosyllabic words (P0.05). The speech recognition rate of three years old group was 80.83% 鹵12.65% 鹵9.13% 鹵60.63% 鹵12.98% 鹵58.54% 鹵12.98% 鹵41.88% 鹵11.6920% respectively, and the rate of speech recognition in 3 years old group was 92.38% 鹵6.64 years old. 71.90% 鹵10.66% 鹵76.90% 鹵14.53% 鹵57.14% 鹵12.61% of children with normal hearing age increased their speech recognition ability with age (P0.05). Conclusion the effect of lexicology on lexical extraction in children with normal hearing is more obvious than that in quiet environment. Dicyllabic words and easy words can be obtained more easily, and monosyllabic words and difficult words are more difficult to obtain. The speech recognition ability of children with normal hearing at the age of 6 years was improved with the increase of age, and the level of speech recognition was not reached at the age of 6 years.
【作者單位】： 西京醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科臨床聽力與眩暈中心;北京同仁醫(yī)院 北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(81470695、81170916) 西京助推-衛(wèi)勤專項(xiàng)研究項(xiàng)目(XJZT15D02)資助
【分類號(hào)】：R767.92

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