【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)化程度的不斷提高，，引起了喉部疾病發(fā)病率的不斷攀升。同時(shí)，在那些需要長(zhǎng)期使用嗓音的職業(yè)中，喉部疾病呈現(xiàn)一種常態(tài)職業(yè)病的傾向。目前喉部疾病最常用的檢查方法是采用喉內(nèi)窺鏡進(jìn)行檢查，這種有創(chuàng)式接觸式的檢查方式，操作復(fù)雜，病人有不適甚至痛苦感，部分病人甚至畏懼不愿意接受檢查，以致耽誤了治療時(shí)間。另外，內(nèi)窺鏡光纖管道直接進(jìn)入人體喉部的檢查方式，還存在設(shè)備消毒不徹底而引發(fā)交叉感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此從改進(jìn)喉部疾病的診斷方法，降低人民群眾的醫(yī)療檢查費(fèi)用等方面來(lái)考慮，研究一種安全的、無(wú)創(chuàng)的、費(fèi)用低的檢查方法，顯得尤為必要。 此前的國(guó)內(nèi)外病態(tài)嗓音識(shí)別工作和基于聲學(xué)信號(hào)的喉部疾病診斷主要以健康嗓音與病態(tài)嗓音的分類識(shí)別為研究重點(diǎn)，其中大多數(shù)方法基于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)或者模糊判別，無(wú)物理 數(shù)學(xué)模型。這反映了目前的研究只注重于嗓音數(shù)據(jù)與信號(hào)本身，而忽略了信號(hào)的本質(zhì)是對(duì)對(duì)象某些物理特性的反映。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中沒(méi)有能夠提出具有一定病理意義的指標(biāo)，而已經(jīng)提出的指標(biāo)相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)統(tǒng)一性差，實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)性差異大，準(zhǔn)確率低。 本文將持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的元音為研究對(duì)象，以人體聲帶的振動(dòng)和發(fā)聲原理為基礎(chǔ)，將聲帶的振動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)化為一般的理想自由弦振模型，結(jié)合波動(dòng)方程的解和小結(jié)病變的物理性變化來(lái)推導(dǎo)聲帶小結(jié)病變后的聲學(xué)信號(hào)特征，利用聲帶對(duì)稱性和耦合性建立內(nèi)稟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)檢測(cè)聲帶的小結(jié)病變，并給出了其頻域的分析方法，提出差頻作為聲帶小結(jié)的信號(hào)特征。 在本課題的研究過(guò)程中，同時(shí)開發(fā)出了一套聲學(xué)信號(hào)的采集、存儲(chǔ)、分析系統(tǒng)。為了更好的收集、管理和分析嗓音信號(hào)，還專門編寫了針對(duì)嗓音疾病的聲學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)，建立了信號(hào)分析中常用的功能和一系列具有實(shí)用性的數(shù)字信號(hào)分析的圖形化工具，使得整個(gè)系統(tǒng)更加專業(yè)化，具有針對(duì)性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明多數(shù)情況下小結(jié)患者的聲學(xué)信號(hào)的頻譜的確會(huì)產(chǎn)生差頻現(xiàn)象，利用這個(gè)特征能夠在一定程度上區(qū)分正常嗓音組和病變嗓音組，這對(duì)于進(jìn)一步研究聲帶小結(jié)的聲學(xué)信號(hào)特征具有積極的意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization in China, the incidence of laryngeal diseases is rising. At the same time, laryngeal diseases tend to be normal in occupations that require long-term voice use. At present, the most commonly used examination method for laryngeal diseases is the use of laryngeal endoscopy, which is an innovative contact examination, which is complicated in operation, and patients have a sense of discomfort or even pain, and some patients are even afraid of being examined. To the point of delaying the treatment. In addition, there is a risk of cross-infection caused by incomplete disinfection of the equipment in the inspection mode of direct access to the larynx of the endoscope fiber-optic conduit. Therefore, it is necessary to study a safe, non-invasive and low cost examination method from the aspects of improving the diagnosis of laryngeal diseases and reducing the medical examination cost of the masses. Previous work on the recognition of pathological voice at home and abroad and the diagnosis of laryngeal diseases based on acoustic signals mainly focused on the classification and recognition of healthy voice and pathological voice, most of which were based on statistics or fuzzy discrimination. No physical mathematical model. This reflects that the present research only focuses on the voice data and the signal itself, but neglects that the essence of the signal is the reflection of some physical characteristics of the object. In this process, the indexes with certain pathological significance can not be put forward, but the indexes that have been proposed are relatively poor in unity, there are great differences in the repeatability of experiments, and the accuracy is low. In this paper, the continuous and stable vowels are taken as the object of study. Based on the vibration and sound principle of human vocal cords, the vibration of vocal cords is simplified as a general ideal free chord vibration model. Combined with the solution of wave equation and the physical changes of nodule lesions, the acoustic signal characteristics of vocal nodules were deduced, and the intrinsic standard was established to detect nodal lesions by using the symmetry and coupling of vocal cords. The analysis method in frequency domain is given, and the difference frequency is proposed as the signal feature of vocal cord summary. In the course of the research, a collection, storage and analysis system of acoustic signal is developed. In order to collect, manage and analyze voice signals better, a special acoustic data storage system for voice diseases is developed, and the commonly used functions in signal analysis and a series of practical graphical tools for digital signal analysis are established. Make the whole system more specialized, have pertinence. The experimental results show that in most cases, the spectrum of acoustic signals of nodule patients does produce differential frequency phenomenon, which can be used to distinguish the normal voice group from the diseased voice group to a certain extent. This is of great significance to the further study of acoustic signal characteristics of vocal nodules.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R767.41

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