河南省部分地區(qū)中小學生視力低下和疑似近視狀況分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-05 09:26
【摘要】：目的 全面了解河南省4地區(qū)(鄭州、新鄉(xiāng)、濮陽、開封)中小學生視力低下和疑似近視的發(fā)生、發(fā)展規(guī)律及變化狀況,比較不同性別、城鄉(xiāng)、年齡(學段)和不同經(jīng)濟發(fā)展地區(qū)之間中小學生視力低下和疑似近視檢出率的差異,探討相同年齡組不同身高發(fā)育水平與中小學生疑似近視檢出情況的關(guān)聯(lián),以期尋求適宜的中小學生視力綜合改善措施,并為進一步做好中小學生視力預防保護工作提供理論依據(jù)。 方法 采用整群抽樣的調(diào)查方法,抽取2008年4個地區(qū)7-18歲中小學生20148名。按照《2005年中國學生體質(zhì)與健康狀況調(diào)研檢測細則》的規(guī)定,由經(jīng)過培訓的體檢人員以班級為單位對學生進行體檢,并對中小學生視力情況進行分析。 結(jié)果 1.共調(diào)查7-18歲中小學生20148名,檢出視力低下者10996人,檢出率為54.6%；其中,疑似近視者10030人,占視力低下者比例為91.2%,占全部調(diào)查人群比例為49.8%。 2.女生視力低下和疑似近視檢出率(58.1%、53.3%)高于男生(51.1%、46.2%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=99.118、101.822,P0.001)。 3.視力低下和疑似近視檢出率高中組最高(81.7%、77.8%),初中組次之(63.1%、58.0%),小學組最低(32.4%、27.2%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=3512.380、3621.291,P0.001)；不同學段視力低下輕度小學組最高(14.2%),中度初中組最高(15.9%),重度高中組最高(60.4%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(H=1564.382,P0.001)。不同年齡男女生視力低下和疑似近視檢查率隨著年齡的增加逐步升高,且各年齡組女生檢出率高于男生；不同年齡男女生輕度視力低下隨著年齡增加逐漸下降,中度由15-歲年齡組最高值向兩側(cè)逐漸下降,重度隨年齡增加快速上升。 4.城市學生視力低下檢出率和疑似近視(63.3%、57.9%)高于鄉(xiāng)村(46.3%、41.9%),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=587.021、519.240,P0.001)；4地區(qū)學生視力低下和疑似近視檢出率不完全一致(χ2=134.084、114.346,P0.001)；開封地區(qū)輕度視力低下較其他地區(qū)高,重度較其他地區(qū)低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(H=80.218,P0.001)。 5.男生不同身高水平疑似近視檢出率有統(tǒng)計學意義的年齡組分別是7-15歲組(P0.05)；女生不同身高水平疑似近視檢出率有統(tǒng)計學意義的年齡組分別是8-14歲組(P0.05)。男女生都是身高發(fā)育水平較高的疑似近視檢出率較高。 結(jié)論 1.中小學生視力低下和疑似近視檢出率較高,存在性別、城鄉(xiāng)、學習階段和地區(qū)的差異,且有隨著年齡增大逐漸增加的趨勢。視力低下嚴重程度在城鄉(xiāng)、學習階段和地區(qū)存在差異。 2.中小學生在青春發(fā)育突增期相同年齡不同身高水平疑似近視檢出率存在差異,且男女生疑似近視檢出率存在差異的年齡組主要是青少年青春發(fā)育處于突增時期的年齡。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the occurrence, development and changes of hypoeyesight and suspected myopia among primary and middle school students in 4 areas of Henan province (Zhengzhou, Xinxiang, Puyang, Kaifeng), and to compare different sex, urban and rural areas. The difference of detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia among primary and middle school students between age (school segment) and different economic development areas was studied. The relationship between different height development level of the same age group and the detection of suspected myopia in primary and middle school students was discussed. In order to seek suitable comprehensive improvement measures for primary and secondary school students, and to provide theoretical basis for further primary and secondary school students to prevent and protect the vision. Methods 20148 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 18 in 4 districts in 2008 were selected by cluster sampling. According to the rules of the investigation and examination of Chinese students' physique and Health in 2005, the trained physical examination personnel take the class as the unit to carry on the physical examination to the student, and carries on the analysis to the primary and middle school student's eyesight condition. Result 1. A total of 20148 primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years were investigated, 10996 of whom were found to have low eyesight, the detection rate was 54.6, among which 10030 were suspected myopia, the proportion was 91.2 and 49.8 percent. 2. The detection rate of hypoacuity and suspected myopia in girls (58.3%) was higher than that in boys (56.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 = 99.118101.822P0.001). 3. The detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia was the highest in the high school group (81.7%), followed by the junior high school group (63.1%) and the primary school group (32.4%). The difference was statistically significant (蠂 2: 3512.380, 3621.291, P0.001). The visual acuity was the highest in mild primary school group (14.2%), middle school group (15.9%) and severe high school group (60.4%). The difference was statistically significant (HY1564.382 P0.001). The examination rate of hypoacuity and suspected myopia of male and female students of different ages gradually increased with the increase of age, and the detection rate of girls in all age groups was higher than that of boys. The slight hypoacuity of male and female students of different ages decreased gradually with the increase of age, while the highest value of moderate age group gradually decreased to both sides of the age group, and the severe degree increased rapidly with the increase of age. 4. The detection rate of hypovision and suspected myopia in urban students (63.3%) was significantly higher than that in rural areas (41.9%) (蠂 2 587.021519.240 P0.001). (4) the detection rate of hypovision and suspected myopia was not identical (蠂 2: 134.084114.344 P0.001); In Kaifeng, mild hypoacuity was higher and severe was lower than that in other regions, the difference was statistically significant (HU 80.218U P0.001). 5. Boys with different height level suspected myopia detection rate was statistically significant in the age group 7-15 years old group (P0.05); The age group with different height level of suspected myopia was 8-14 years old (P0.05). Both male and female students had a higher rate of suspected myopia with higher height and development level. Conclusion 1. The detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia in primary and middle school students was higher. There were differences in sex, urban and rural areas, learning stages and regions, and there was a tendency to increase gradually with the increase of age. There were differences in the severity of low vision in urban and rural areas, learning stages and regions. 2. There were differences in the detection rate of suspected myopia between primary and middle school students at the same age and different height level during the period of youth development, and the age groups in which the detection rate of suspected myopia of male and female students were different were mainly the age of adolescent youth development in the period of sudden increase.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R77;G637.8
本文編號：2311638
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the occurrence, development and changes of hypoeyesight and suspected myopia among primary and middle school students in 4 areas of Henan province (Zhengzhou, Xinxiang, Puyang, Kaifeng), and to compare different sex, urban and rural areas. The difference of detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia among primary and middle school students between age (school segment) and different economic development areas was studied. The relationship between different height development level of the same age group and the detection of suspected myopia in primary and middle school students was discussed. In order to seek suitable comprehensive improvement measures for primary and secondary school students, and to provide theoretical basis for further primary and secondary school students to prevent and protect the vision. Methods 20148 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 18 in 4 districts in 2008 were selected by cluster sampling. According to the rules of the investigation and examination of Chinese students' physique and Health in 2005, the trained physical examination personnel take the class as the unit to carry on the physical examination to the student, and carries on the analysis to the primary and middle school student's eyesight condition. Result 1. A total of 20148 primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years were investigated, 10996 of whom were found to have low eyesight, the detection rate was 54.6, among which 10030 were suspected myopia, the proportion was 91.2 and 49.8 percent. 2. The detection rate of hypoacuity and suspected myopia in girls (58.3%) was higher than that in boys (56.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 = 99.118101.822P0.001). 3. The detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia was the highest in the high school group (81.7%), followed by the junior high school group (63.1%) and the primary school group (32.4%). The difference was statistically significant (蠂 2: 3512.380, 3621.291, P0.001). The visual acuity was the highest in mild primary school group (14.2%), middle school group (15.9%) and severe high school group (60.4%). The difference was statistically significant (HY1564.382 P0.001). The examination rate of hypoacuity and suspected myopia of male and female students of different ages gradually increased with the increase of age, and the detection rate of girls in all age groups was higher than that of boys. The slight hypoacuity of male and female students of different ages decreased gradually with the increase of age, while the highest value of moderate age group gradually decreased to both sides of the age group, and the severe degree increased rapidly with the increase of age. 4. The detection rate of hypovision and suspected myopia in urban students (63.3%) was significantly higher than that in rural areas (41.9%) (蠂 2 587.021519.240 P0.001). (4) the detection rate of hypovision and suspected myopia was not identical (蠂 2: 134.084114.344 P0.001); In Kaifeng, mild hypoacuity was higher and severe was lower than that in other regions, the difference was statistically significant (HU 80.218U P0.001). 5. Boys with different height level suspected myopia detection rate was statistically significant in the age group 7-15 years old group (P0.05); The age group with different height level of suspected myopia was 8-14 years old (P0.05). Both male and female students had a higher rate of suspected myopia with higher height and development level. Conclusion 1. The detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia in primary and middle school students was higher. There were differences in sex, urban and rural areas, learning stages and regions, and there was a tendency to increase gradually with the increase of age. There were differences in the severity of low vision in urban and rural areas, learning stages and regions. 2. There were differences in the detection rate of suspected myopia between primary and middle school students at the same age and different height level during the period of youth development, and the age groups in which the detection rate of suspected myopia of male and female students were different were mainly the age of adolescent youth development in the period of sudden increase.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R77;G637.8
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