【摘要】：許多研究表明,金屬汞(Hg)是一種危害非常廣泛的重金屬毒物,是人類環(huán)境污染中最常見(jiàn)的公害之一。前期研究結(jié)果顯示金屬汞對(duì)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)具有危害作用,且視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)纖維及視細(xì)胞受到危害發(fā)生于汞中毒之前,因此,進(jìn)一步研究金屬汞對(duì)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)危害的毒理學(xué)研究有重要意義。 目的：制作汞中毒易感鼠動(dòng)物模型,對(duì)比正常鼠和易感鼠視網(wǎng)膜電圖(electroretinogram, ERG)中a、b波和視網(wǎng)膜顯微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化情況,初步探討金屬汞對(duì)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)的危害和可能中毒機(jī)理。 方法：將48只健康清潔級(jí)SD大鼠編號(hào),隨機(jī)分為3組：對(duì)照組；低濃度汞蒸氣處理組0.01mg/m3；高濃度汞蒸氣處理組3mg/m3。各組大鼠在染汞前及染汞1周、2周、3周和4周末,分別做左眼ERG檢測(cè)1次,共5次。各實(shí)驗(yàn)組動(dòng)物分別于染汞1周、2周、3周和4周末分批被處死,收集動(dòng)物眼球,顯微鏡下取視網(wǎng)膜組織,同等條件下用透射式電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM)攝片,對(duì)比觀察各組視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞及雙極細(xì)胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。 結(jié)果：1.ERG檢查：實(shí)驗(yàn)前,實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組間視網(wǎng)膜各波振幅及潛伏期對(duì)比無(wú)明顯差異。低濃度染汞組1、2周末ERG的a波振幅及潛伏期無(wú)明顯差異,b波振幅降低及潛伏期延長(zhǎng)；染汞3、4周末ERG的a、b波均出現(xiàn)振幅降低及潛伏期延長(zhǎng)變化,染汞4周末變化更明顯,a、b波形低平。高濃度染汞組1周末ERG的a波振幅及潛伏期無(wú)明顯差異,b波振幅降低及潛伏期延長(zhǎng)；染汞2周末ERG的a、b波均出現(xiàn)振幅降低及潛伏期延長(zhǎng)變化,變化明顯。染汞3、4周末ERG的a、b波波型不易辨認(rèn),表現(xiàn)為無(wú)波型。2.視網(wǎng)膜超微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察：電鏡下視網(wǎng)膜形態(tài)發(fā)生改變。結(jié)果表明：(1)隨著染汞周期的延長(zhǎng),視網(wǎng)膜雙極細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞、Miiller細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)病理變化,表現(xiàn)為：線粒體、內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)水腫,細(xì)胞核切跡水腫,細(xì)胞核溶解、消失,凋亡小體等。(2)兩實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組比較,1周末、2周末、3周末和4周末視網(wǎng)膜超微結(jié)構(gòu)變化水平均明顯升高,且有顯著性差異(P0.01)；在相同時(shí)間點(diǎn),1周末、2周末、3周末和4周末實(shí)驗(yàn)組間比較均有顯著性差異(P0.05)。 結(jié)論：1.金屬汞可導(dǎo)致視網(wǎng)膜雙極細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞胞體、胞突超微結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,以致對(duì)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)造成危害；2.金屬汞對(duì)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)超微結(jié)構(gòu)的損害程度與空氣中汞蒸氣濃度及暴露時(shí)間呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系；3.ERG檢測(cè)結(jié)果與電鏡觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)的形態(tài)學(xué)改變結(jié)果是一致的。
[Abstract]:Many studies have shown that metal mercury (Hg) is one of the most common public hazards in human environmental pollution. Previous studies have shown that metallic mercury is harmful to the visual system and that retinal nerve fibers and visual cells are damaged before mercury poisoning, so, It is of great significance to further study the toxicological study on the harm of metallic mercury to the visual system. Objective: to make a rat model of mercury poisoning and compare the changes of AGB wave and retinal microstructure in electroretinogramgram (ERG) of normal and susceptible rats, and to explore the harm of metallic mercury to the visual system and the possible mechanism of poisoning. Methods: 48 healthy and clean SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, low concentration mercury vapor treatment group (0.01 mg / m ~ 3) and high concentration mercury vapor treatment group (3 mg / m ~ (-3). The rats in each group were tested for ERG in left eye for 5 times before and after 1 week and 2 weeks and 4 weeks of exposure respectively. The animals in each experimental group were killed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after exposure to mercury, respectively. The eyeballs were collected, the retinal tissues were taken under microscope, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to film the animals under the same conditions. The ultrastructural changes of retinal ganglion cells and bipolar cells were observed. Results 1. ERG: before the experiment, there was no significant difference in amplitude and latency between the experimental group and the control group. There was no significant difference in a wave amplitude and latency of ERG at the end of 1 and 2 weeks in low concentration mercury exposed group, and the amplitude and latency of ERG were all decreased and latent period prolonged at the end of 3 ~ 4 weeks after mercury exposure, and there was no significant difference in the amplitude and latency of ERG at the end of the 1st and 2nd week. The change of mercury at the end of 4 weeks was more obvious. There was no significant difference in a wave amplitude and latency of ERG at the end of 1 week in the high concentration group, but the amplitude and latency of ERG were decreased and prolonged at the end of 2 weeks after mercury exposure. The wave patterns of ERG in ERG at the end of the 4th week were not easy to identify, showing no wave type. 2. Observation of retinal ultrastructure: morphological changes of retina were observed under electron microscope. The results showed that: (1) with the prolongation of mercury staining cycle, the pathological changes of retinal bipolar cells, ganglion cells and Miiller cells were as follows: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum edema, nuclear notch edema, nuclear dissolution and disappearance. (2) the changes of retinal ultrastructure in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group at the end of the 1st week, the 3rd weekend and the 4th weekend (P0.01). At the same time, there were significant differences between the experimental groups on the 1st weekend, 2nd weekend, 3rd weekend and 4th weekend (P0.05). Conclusion 1. Metal mercury can cause retinal bipolar cells and ganglion cell bodies, process ultrastructure changes, causing harm to the visual system. The degree of damage of metallic mercury to the ultrastructure of the visual system was positively correlated with the concentration of mercury vapor in the air and the exposure time. 3. The results of ERG were consistent with the morphological changes observed by electron microscope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R779.13

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