【摘要】：目的 通過對北京市47個社區(qū)的3742位50歲以上老年人的盲和低視力及常見眼病進(jìn)行篩查從而掌握該區(qū)老年人眼病的患病情況并且為老年人眼病的篩查方式提供新的思路。同時，對篩查出的眼底黃斑部疾病進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行OCT檢查，通過結(jié)果的對比得出免散瞳數(shù)碼眼底照相結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性從而探討免散瞳數(shù)碼眼底照相在黃斑部疾病篩查中的應(yīng)用價值。 方法 首先依次對該群老年人詢問眼病及全身病史，運(yùn)用視力表、裂隙燈及免散瞳數(shù)碼眼底相機(jī)依次對該人群進(jìn)行視功能、眼前節(jié)及眼底檢查。之后按照世界衛(wèi)生組織視力損傷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行該群老年人的盲及低視力及各種眼病的患病情況進(jìn)行流行病學(xué)統(tǒng)計。最后對根據(jù)免散瞳數(shù)碼眼底照相篩選出的可疑眼底黃斑部疾病的患者進(jìn)行OCT檢查，通過統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法得出兩種檢查方法診斷眼底黃斑部疾病的一致率。 結(jié)果 本次共篩查3742人，其中男1831人，女1911人；年齡50～87歲，平均62.1歲。其中篩查出盲及低視力者397例(5.86%),雙眼盲5例(0.13%)、單眼盲97例(2.6%)、雙眼低視力167例(4.46%)、單眼低視力367例(9.8%)。篩查出的主要眼科疾病包括：白內(nèi)障1158人（30.94%），需手術(shù)者48人（2.3%）�？梢汕喙庋�917人（24.5%）；其中前房淺者為554人（14.8%）；C/D≥0.6者270人（7.21%）。糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變65人（1.74%）；視網(wǎng)膜動脈硬化1081人（28.89%）；其它疾病翼狀胬肉72人(1.92%)；其余眼病均少于20人。 除去眼底照相結(jié)果黃斑區(qū)未照出或不清晰者828人，余下2914人中篩出黃斑部疾病或可疑疾病者266人（7.11%）。其中黃斑前膜者38人（1.02%），黃斑裂孔者35人（0.94%），黃斑變性者193人（5.16%），經(jīng)與光學(xué)相干斷層成像掃描（OCT）對比，兩種檢查方法診斷結(jié)果的一致率為75.94%。 結(jié)論 北京市該群老年人中眼病的發(fā)病仍較高，所以進(jìn)行老年人眼病的篩查是十分必要的，而本次篩查中采取的篩查模式達(dá)到了方便、快捷、準(zhǔn)確、客觀的進(jìn)行大規(guī)模眼病篩查的要求，，是一種可行的篩查方法。 免散瞳數(shù)碼眼底照相在黃斑部疾病的檢出中具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性，而且具有操作簡單，成本較低的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以可做為眼底黃斑部疾病篩查的首選方法。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the prevalence of blindness and low vision and common ophthalmopathy in 3742 people over 50 years of age in 47 communities of Beijing, and to find out the prevalence of eye diseases among the elderly in this area and to provide a prescription for the screening of ophthalmopathy in the elderly. It provides a new way of thinking. At the same time, Oct was used to screen the fundus macular diseases, and the accuracy of digital fundus radiography was obtained by comparing the results, and the value of digital fundus photography in macular disease screening was discussed. Methods the patients were asked about eye disease and systemic history in turn. Visual function, anterior segment and fundus were examined by visual acuity chart, slit lamp and digital fundus camera. Then according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of visual impairment, the blind and low visual acuity of the elderly and the prevalence of various eye diseases were analyzed. Finally Oct was performed on the patients with suspected fundus macular diseases screened by digital fundus radiography. The consistent rate of two methods for diagnosing fundus macular diseases was obtained by statistical method. Results A total of 3742 persons were screened, including 1831 males and 1911 females, with an average age of 62.1 years (50 ~ 87 years). There were 397 cases (5.86%) of blindness and low vision, 5 cases (0.13%) of binocular blindness, 97 cases (2.6%) of monocular blindness, 167 cases (4.46%) of binocular low vision and 367 cases (9.8%) of monocular low vision. The main ophthalmic diseases screened included: cataract 1158 (30.94%), surgery 48 (2.3%). 917 patients (24.5%) had suspected glaucoma, of which 554 (14.8%) had shallow anterior chamber and 270 (7.21%) had C / D 鈮

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