本文選題：變應性鼻炎 + 過敏原譜��； 參考：《遵義醫(yī)學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:調(diào)查貴陽地區(qū)變應性鼻炎(Allergic rhinitis,AR)的流行病學特征,并分析其相關(guān)的危險因素,旨在為貴陽地區(qū)變應性鼻炎的預防及治療提供參考。方法:所有樣本采用多階段分層整群抽樣方法隨機選取:第一階段從貴陽市10個區(qū)市/縣(即云巖區(qū)、南明區(qū)、花溪區(qū)、烏當區(qū)、白云區(qū)、觀山湖區(qū)、清鎮(zhèn)市、息烽縣、開陽縣、修文縣)中隨機抽取4個區(qū)市/縣(南明區(qū)、云巖區(qū)、清鎮(zhèn)市和花溪區(qū));第二階段從樣本區(qū)市/縣中隨機抽取3個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)/街道;第三階段從所抽取的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)/街道中隨機抽2個行政村或居民小區(qū)的居民。采用問卷調(diào)查的方法收集研究變應性鼻炎的患病率、相關(guān)危險因素及流行病學的分布特點。兒童及老年人在監(jiān)護人指導下完成調(diào)查。對435例疑是變應性鼻炎的居民進行血清IgE的檢測來確診。所有研究對象分為變應性鼻炎患者和健康人(排除其他重大疾病)。研究對象按年齡分為少年兒童(4~18歲),青年人(18~44歲),中年人(45~59歲),老年人(≥60歲)4個組。對調(diào)查問卷進行分類和統(tǒng)計,先采用卡方檢驗進行單因素分析篩選出有統(tǒng)計學意義的可能危險因素,再采用二分類變量logistics回歸分析過敏性鼻炎發(fā)生的獨立風險因素。結(jié)果:本次研究發(fā)放問卷1230份,收回有效問卷1203份,確診AR患者318例。貴陽市清鎮(zhèn)市、云巖區(qū)、南明區(qū)、花溪區(qū)的AR患病率分別為26.75%(65/243)、29.61%(130/439)、27.13%(105/387)和13.43%(18/134)。云巖區(qū)、南明區(qū)、清鎮(zhèn)市AR患病率明顯高于花溪區(qū)(X2=14.038,P=0.0030.01),這可能與城區(qū)車流量、人口密度大有關(guān)。貴陽地區(qū)AR總患病率為26.43%(318/1203),少年兒童患者患病率為28.96%(95/328),僅次于青年人患率29.72%(167/562)。但在AR指南中指出兒童患病率較高,可能與為了便于問卷調(diào)查,4歲以下兒童未納入研究對象相關(guān)。318例AR患者中49例總IgE為100-200UL/ml,陽性率為15.41%,183例總IgE㧐200UL/ml,陽性率為57.55%。貴陽地區(qū)AR患者過敏原以戶塵螨為主,不同年齡段的陽性率分別為少年兒童28.40%、青年人31.10%、中年人26.70%、老年人27.30%。此外,較為常見的過敏原還有狗毛皮屑、混合樹花粉、蟑螂、混合霉菌、腰果等。結(jié)論:1、AR在南明區(qū)、云巖區(qū)、清鎮(zhèn)市、花溪區(qū)都有發(fā)生,但不同地區(qū)的患病率不同。2、戶塵螨是貴陽市AR患者過敏原的主要來源。3、貴陽地區(qū)AR患者主要集中在青年人、少年兒童,45歲以上隨年齡增加AR的患病率逐漸下降。4、AR的發(fā)病與遺傳和環(huán)境相關(guān),經(jīng)常開窗通風對于預防變應性鼻炎起到重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Allergic rhinitis AR in Guiyang area and analyze its related risk factors in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in Guiyang area. Methods: all samples were randomly selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. In the first stage, 10 districts / counties of Guiyang (i.e. Yunyan District, Nanming District, Huaxi District, Wudang District, Baiyun District, Guanshan Lake District, Qingzhen City, Xifeng County) were selected randomly. In Kaiyang County, Xiuwen County, 4 districts / counties were randomly selected (Nanming District, Yunyan District, Qingzhen City and Huaxi District). In the third stage, the residents of two administrative villages or residential areas were randomly drawn from the selected towns / streets. The prevalence, risk factors and epidemiological distribution of allergic rhinitis were investigated by questionnaire. Children and the elderly completed the investigation under the guidance of their guardians. Serum IgE levels were detected in 435 patients with suspected allergic rhinitis. All subjects were divided into allergic rhinitis patients and healthy people (excluding other major diseases). The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their age: children (4 ~ 18 years old), young people (18 ~ 44 years old), middle age (4559 years) and elderly (鈮，

本文編號：2092964