本文選題：言語(yǔ)感知 + 聲調(diào)　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：語(yǔ)言是人類交流的重要工具,也是人類文明保存和傳承的重要載體。人類大腦加工語(yǔ)言的神經(jīng)機(jī)制,是近現(xiàn)代腦研究技術(shù)發(fā)明以后興起的重要研究領(lǐng)域。語(yǔ)言的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究可以分為聽覺言語(yǔ)感知(speech perception)研究和言語(yǔ)輸出(speech production)研究,視覺語(yǔ)言文字的感知和輸出研究。在言語(yǔ)認(rèn)知研究領(lǐng)域,近二十年來(lái)最大的進(jìn)展是發(fā)現(xiàn)了言語(yǔ)聲音在大腦中的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡(long-term memory traces)。一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)了聽覺言語(yǔ)單元,如元音(vowel)、音節(jié)(syllable)、詞(word)和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(phrasal verb)等在大腦中的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡。這些長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡在言語(yǔ)信號(hào)進(jìn)入大腦后被迅速激活,是大腦進(jìn)一步加工理解復(fù)雜言語(yǔ)信號(hào)的基礎(chǔ)。 詞在大腦中的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡以芬蘭語(yǔ)為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料被首先發(fā)現(xiàn)。后來(lái)以英語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)等為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)都是以被動(dòng)oddball范式呈現(xiàn)聽覺言語(yǔ)刺激,當(dāng)真詞作為偏差刺激時(shí)誘發(fā)的失匹配負(fù)波(mismatch negativity, MMN)比偽詞作為偏差刺激時(shí)誘發(fā)的失匹配負(fù)波幅度更大,反映了真詞在大腦中長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡的激活。 到目前為止,詞的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡研究都是以非聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言(non-tonal language)中的詞為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料。這些詞都是由音段音位(segmental phoneme)構(gòu)成,而沒(méi)有超音段音位(superasegmental phoneme)的參與。然而,世界上已發(fā)現(xiàn)的六千多種語(yǔ)言中絕大部分(60-70%)屬于聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言(tonal language)。在聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言中,音節(jié)(syllable)的基頻(fundamental frequency, f0)輪廓可以決定詞義(word meaning),這樣的基頻輪廓稱為聲調(diào)(tone)。聲調(diào)信息和音段(segment)信息(包括輔音和元音)是并行進(jìn)入聽覺系統(tǒng)的,并且一個(gè)聲調(diào)可以跨越多個(gè)音段,因此聲調(diào)是典型的超音段音位。本研究所要回答的問(wèn)題是聲調(diào)作為超音段音位是否也參與了詞的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡的形成和激活。 在本研究中,18名以漢語(yǔ)普通話為母語(yǔ)的受試者參與了研究。兩個(gè)漢語(yǔ)單音節(jié)([huo4]和[kuo4])作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刺激(每一個(gè)的出現(xiàn)概率是41.67%),四個(gè)漢語(yǔ)雙音節(jié)([huo4da2],[kuo4da4],[huo4da4]和[kuo4da2])作為偏差刺激(每一個(gè)的出現(xiàn)概率是4.17%),以被動(dòng)的oddball范式通過(guò)耳機(jī)呈現(xiàn)給受試者。四個(gè)作為偏差刺激的雙音節(jié)中,第二個(gè)音節(jié)所攜帶的聲調(diào)決定了該雙音節(jié)是真詞([huo4da2],[kuo4da4])還是偽詞([huo4da4],[kuo4da2])。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),真詞誘發(fā)的聽覺事件相關(guān)電位(auditory event-related potential, AERP)比偽詞誘發(fā)的聽覺事件相關(guān)電位在真詞的詞識(shí)別點(diǎn)(word recognition point)之后的164毫秒附近出現(xiàn)顯著的負(fù)向偏轉(zhuǎn)。這個(gè)負(fù)向偏轉(zhuǎn)反映了真詞在大腦中的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡的激活。 根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以推測(cè),在語(yǔ)言習(xí)得過(guò)程中,聲調(diào)信息和音段信息一同參與了大腦中詞的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡的形成。同樣,在言語(yǔ)感知過(guò)程中,聲調(diào)信息和音段信息一同參與了詞的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡的激活。并且,聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言詞的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡激活的峰值發(fā)生在詞識(shí)別點(diǎn)之后的164毫秒,同非聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言詞的長(zhǎng)時(shí)程記憶痕跡激活的峰值時(shí)間一致(詞識(shí)別點(diǎn)之后的約150毫秒),說(shuō)明聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言和非聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言詞的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)加工機(jī)制可能是相同的,聲調(diào)與音段并行進(jìn)入聽覺系統(tǒng)并沒(méi)有影響大腦感知詞的時(shí)間進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:Language is an important tool for human communication, and it is also an important carrier for the preservation and inheritance of human civilization. The neural mechanism of human brain processing language is an important research field after the invention of modern brain research technology. The cognitive neuroscience research of language can be divided into speech perception research and speech output (sp Eech production) research, the perceptual and output research of visual language. In the field of speech cognition, the biggest progress in the past twenty years is the discovery of the long term memory trace of speech sounds in the brain (long-term memory traces). A series of experimental results have found the auditory speech unit, such as the vowel (vowel), the syllable (syllable), and the words. (word) and the verb phrase (phrasal verb) and other traces of long term memory in the brain. These long history memory marks are quickly activated after speech signals enter the brain and are the basis for further processing of the brain's understanding of complex speech signals.
The long term memory marks in the brain were first found in Finnish as experimental materials. Later, the experimental materials were further verified in English and German. These experiments were used to present auditory stimuli with passive oddball paradigm, and the mismatch negativity, MMN, as a result of the bias stimulus, was more than a pseudoword. The mismatch negativity induced by bias stimulation is more significant, reflecting the activation of long term memory trace in the brain.
So far, the long term memory traces of the word have been used as experimental materials in non-tonal language. These words are made up of segmental phoneme rather than superasegmental phoneme. However, most of the six thousand languages found in the world (60-7) 0%) belongs to the tone language (tonal language). In tone language, the syllable (fundamental frequency, F0) outlines can determine the meaning of word (word meaning), which is called the tone (tone). Tone information and segment (segment) messages (including consonants and vowels) are parallel into the auditory system, and a tone can be used. In order to cross a number of segments, the tone is a typical supra phoneme. The question to be answered in this study is whether the tone as a supra phoneme also participates in the formation and activation of the long term memory traces of the word.
In this study, 18 Chinese speakers of Mandarin were studied. Two Chinese Monosyllabic syllables ([huo4] and [kuo4]) were used as standard stimuli (the probability of occurrence of each one was 41.67%), and four Chinese double syllables ([huo4da2], [kuo4da4], [huo4da4] and [kuo4da2]) were used as deviations (the probability of occurrence of each one was 4.17%), with a passive OD The dball paradigm is presented to the subjects through the headphones. In four disyllabic syllables as a deviation, the tones carried by second syllables determine whether the double syllable is a true word ([huo4da2], [kuo4da4]) or a pseudo word ([huo4da4], [kuo4da2]). The experimental results show that the auditory evoked potential related potential (auditory event-related potential, AERP) is induced by the true word. The auditory event related potential induced by the pseudo word is marked by a significant negative deflection near the word recognition point (word recognition point) of the true word. This negative deflection reflects the activation of the long term memory trace of the true word in the brain.
According to the experimental results, it is conjectured that in the process of language acquisition, tone information and sound segment information are involved in the formation of long term memory traces in the brain. In the process of speech perception, tone information and segment information participate in the activation of long term memory traces together with the long history memory marks of the tone language words. The peak of trace activation occurs at 164 milliseconds after the word recognition point, which is the same as the peak time of the long time memory trace activation of the non tone language words (about 150 milliseconds after the word recognition point). It shows that the cognitive processing mechanism of the tone language and the non tone language may be the same, the tone and the sound segment enter the auditory system in parallel. The time process that affects the brain's perceptive words.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R767.92

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉暢;嬰兒語(yǔ)音感知發(fā)展[D];安徽大學(xué);2014年

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本文編號(hào)：1995874