脊柱畸形矯形術后近端交界性后凸和交界性失敗的研究進展
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-30 22:11
【摘要】：脊柱畸形患者臨床中并不少見,脊柱的后凸或側凸畸形不但導致軀體矢狀位、冠狀位失平衡,同時由于腰椎代償性過度前凸,從而引發(fā)患者頑固性腰背部疼痛,與此同時,還可以造成患者嚴重的心理負擔以及工作和生活上的不便。此外,嚴重的后凸畸形還可影響患者心肺功能,并可引起脊髓功能損害。因此,矯正脊柱畸形不僅改善患者畸形外觀,更重要的是對于改善患者心肺功能障礙和緩解神經(jīng)損害起著至關重要的預防和治療作用。隨著內固定技術以及各種截骨手術方式的發(fā)展,不同類型的脊柱畸形得以通過長節(jié)段截骨、固定、融合脊柱矯形手術解除脊柱畸形的神經(jīng)癥狀及矢狀位、冠狀位的失平衡,從而改善患者的生活質量。然而,術后的臨近節(jié)段病變的發(fā)生對于術后患者癥狀的恢復、矯形角度的維持始終存在威脅。在眾多脊柱矯形術后發(fā)生的并發(fā)癥中,近端交界性后凸和近端交界性失敗可能造成脊柱矢狀面失平衡的加劇或出現(xiàn)嚴重的神經(jīng)損害,并且部分患者需要手術干預才能解決其癥狀,因此受到廣泛關注。由于PJK和PJF的描述與概念提出時間較短,在多種脊柱術后并發(fā)癥中其發(fā)生發(fā)展機制尚未完全了解。通過本次對文獻的系統(tǒng)性回顧,發(fā)現(xiàn)脊柱矯形術后發(fā)生PJK的危險因素有:年齡大于55歲;術前患者嚴重矢狀面失平衡;前后路聯(lián)合內固定手術;長節(jié)段融合至下腰椎或骶骨;胸廓成形術;采用剛性較強的椎弓根螺釘內固定系統(tǒng);肥胖(BMI30)以及骨質疏松。發(fā)生機制為:內固定節(jié)段上方廣泛椎旁肌的損傷;棘上韌帶和棘間韌帶(后張力帶)的破壞;端椎選擇不當;近端椎間盤嚴重退變;近端椎體壓縮性骨折;近端椎體內固的失敗;小關節(jié)損傷。因此,通過對術后PJK的發(fā)生、發(fā)展的危險因素和產(chǎn)生機制的研究,有助于臨床醫(yī)生在手術前、手術中和手術后減少或避免上述危險因素,從而明顯減少脊柱畸形術后PJK的發(fā)生率,更好的減輕病人癥狀,提高病人生活質量。
[Abstract]:The kyphosis or scoliosis of the spine not only leads to sagittal and coronal imbalance of the body, but also leads to intractable lumbar back pain due to compensatory hyperkyphosis of the lumbar vertebra. It can also cause serious psychological burden and inconvenience to work and life. In addition, severe kyphosis can affect cardio-pulmonary function and cause spinal cord dysfunction. Therefore, the correction of spinal malformations not only improves the appearance of malformations, but also plays an important role in prevention and treatment of cardio-pulmonary dysfunction and nerve damage. With the development of internal fixation technology and various osteotomy methods, different types of spinal malformations can be removed from neurological symptoms and sagittal and coronal imbalance by long segment osteotomy, fixation, and spinal fusion orthopedic surgery. In order to improve the quality of life of patients. However, the occurrence of postoperative adjacent segmental lesions is always a threat to the recovery of symptoms and the maintenance of orthopaedic angle. Among the complications of spinal correction surgery, proximal junction kyphosis and proximal junction failure may result in aggravation of spinal sagittal imbalance or severe neurological damage. And some patients need surgical intervention to solve their symptoms, so it has received extensive attention. Because the description and concept of PJK and PJF have been put forward for a short time, the mechanism of occurrence and development of various postoperative complications of spine has not been fully understood. Through a systematic review of the literature, it was found that the risk factors of PJK after spinal correction included age over 55 years, severe sagittal plane imbalance before and after operation, anterior and posterior combined internal fixation, long segment fusion to lower lumbar vertebrae or sacrum, and severe sagittal plane imbalance before and after operation, and long segment fusion to lower lumbar vertebrae or sacrum. Thoracoplasty; rigid pedicle screw fixation system; obesity (BMI30) and osteoporosis. The mechanism is: injury of extensive paravertebral muscle above internal fixation segment; destruction of supraspinal ligament and interspinous ligament (posterior tension band); inappropriate choice of end vertebra; severe degeneration of proximal intervertebral disc; compression fracture of proximal vertebral body; Failure of internal fixation of the proximal vertebral body; facet joint injury. Therefore, it is helpful for clinicians to reduce or avoid the above-mentioned risk factors before, during and after the operation by studying the risk factors and mechanism of the development of postoperative PJK. Thus, the incidence of PJK after spinal malformations was significantly reduced, the symptoms of patients were alleviated, and the quality of life of the patients was improved.
【學位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R687.3
本文編號：2450534
[Abstract]:The kyphosis or scoliosis of the spine not only leads to sagittal and coronal imbalance of the body, but also leads to intractable lumbar back pain due to compensatory hyperkyphosis of the lumbar vertebra. It can also cause serious psychological burden and inconvenience to work and life. In addition, severe kyphosis can affect cardio-pulmonary function and cause spinal cord dysfunction. Therefore, the correction of spinal malformations not only improves the appearance of malformations, but also plays an important role in prevention and treatment of cardio-pulmonary dysfunction and nerve damage. With the development of internal fixation technology and various osteotomy methods, different types of spinal malformations can be removed from neurological symptoms and sagittal and coronal imbalance by long segment osteotomy, fixation, and spinal fusion orthopedic surgery. In order to improve the quality of life of patients. However, the occurrence of postoperative adjacent segmental lesions is always a threat to the recovery of symptoms and the maintenance of orthopaedic angle. Among the complications of spinal correction surgery, proximal junction kyphosis and proximal junction failure may result in aggravation of spinal sagittal imbalance or severe neurological damage. And some patients need surgical intervention to solve their symptoms, so it has received extensive attention. Because the description and concept of PJK and PJF have been put forward for a short time, the mechanism of occurrence and development of various postoperative complications of spine has not been fully understood. Through a systematic review of the literature, it was found that the risk factors of PJK after spinal correction included age over 55 years, severe sagittal plane imbalance before and after operation, anterior and posterior combined internal fixation, long segment fusion to lower lumbar vertebrae or sacrum, and severe sagittal plane imbalance before and after operation, and long segment fusion to lower lumbar vertebrae or sacrum. Thoracoplasty; rigid pedicle screw fixation system; obesity (BMI30) and osteoporosis. The mechanism is: injury of extensive paravertebral muscle above internal fixation segment; destruction of supraspinal ligament and interspinous ligament (posterior tension band); inappropriate choice of end vertebra; severe degeneration of proximal intervertebral disc; compression fracture of proximal vertebral body; Failure of internal fixation of the proximal vertebral body; facet joint injury. Therefore, it is helpful for clinicians to reduce or avoid the above-mentioned risk factors before, during and after the operation by studying the risk factors and mechanism of the development of postoperative PJK. Thus, the incidence of PJK after spinal malformations was significantly reduced, the symptoms of patients were alleviated, and the quality of life of the patients was improved.
【學位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R687.3
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相關期刊論文 前3條
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