發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-09 19:18

【摘要】：目的：利用逆向工程的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像三維可視化技術(shù)及醫(yī)學(xué)有限元分析法,借助MIMICS軟件,建立T11-L3椎體三維有限元模型,在此模型基礎(chǔ)上探討單純胸腰段壓縮性骨折的受力機(jī)制,模擬復(fù)位床托的治療過程,分析復(fù)位過程中骨折椎體不同部位的應(yīng)力分布情況和位移改變,探討骨折椎體最佳復(fù)位高度。 方法：招募志愿者,對(duì)一名健康男性志愿者進(jìn)行64排螺旋CT掃描,將數(shù)據(jù)以DICOM格式輸出并光盤保存,導(dǎo)入到醫(yī)學(xué)三維重建軟件MIMI C S中進(jìn)行處理,生成三維實(shí)體圖形,確定單元類型,賦予材料屬性。然后將實(shí)體模型導(dǎo)入到ANS YS12.0有限元軟件中,生成胸腰段三維有限元模型。模型驗(yàn)證后,給予模型一定的邊界約束,施加載荷,建立胸腰段壓縮性骨折模型,分析椎體的應(yīng)力分布,探討胸腰段壓縮性骨折的受力機(jī)制。利用胸腰段壓縮性骨折的有限元模型,模擬復(fù)位床托復(fù)位的治療過程。 結(jié)果：1.建立的胸腰段三維有限元模型基本符合正常人體的生物力學(xué)特征,共包括58815個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),227774個(gè)單元,可用于胸腰段的相關(guān)的生物力學(xué)研究。2.模型經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證后有效,模擬復(fù)位床托的治療過程,在復(fù)位過程中,脊柱胸腰段表現(xiàn)出不同的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變分布規(guī)律,對(duì)闡述L1椎體壓縮性骨折的受傷機(jī)制具有重要意義,為復(fù)位床托治療胸腰段椎體壓縮性骨折提供充分的理論依據(jù),便于臨床推廣。 結(jié)論：建立的胸腰段三維有限元模型包含T11-L3的五個(gè)椎體、4個(gè)椎間盤及相應(yīng)韌帶等結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)模型施加載荷,力量由小到大,模型獲得的運(yùn)動(dòng)范圍由大到小,最后趨于穩(wěn)定,表現(xiàn)出非線性力學(xué)行為。L1椎體壓縮性骨折有限元模型的結(jié)構(gòu)也表現(xiàn)出非線性力學(xué)行為。骨折模型在不同復(fù)位高度施加復(fù)位載荷后表現(xiàn)出了不同的復(fù)位效果,當(dāng)復(fù)位高度為10cm時(shí),受傷椎體各部位的力學(xué)特性最穩(wěn)定,復(fù)位效果最好。
[Abstract]:Objective: to establish the 3D finite element model of T11-L3 vertebral body by using the 3D visualization technique of medical image and the finite element analysis method of medicine in reverse engineering, and to discuss the stress mechanism of simply thoracolumbar compression fracture on the basis of the three dimensional finite element model of T11-L3 vertebral body. The stress distribution and displacement changes in different parts of the fractured vertebral body during the reduction were analyzed, and the optimal reduction height of the fractured vertebral body was discussed. Methods: volunteers were recruited and a healthy male volunteer was scanned with 64-slice spiral CT. The data was output in DICOM format and saved on CD-ROM. The data were imported into the medical 3D reconstruction software MIMI C S for processing and three-dimensional solid graphics were generated. Determine the element type and assign material properties. Then the solid model is imported into the ANS YS12.0 finite element software to generate the three-dimensional finite element model of the thoracolumbar segment. After the validation of the model, a model of thoracolumbar compression fracture was established by applying certain boundary constraints and loading to the model. The stress distribution of the vertebral body was analyzed, and the stress mechanism of the thoracolumbar compression fracture was discussed. The finite element model of thoracolumbar compression fracture was used to simulate the treatment of reduction with bed support. Results: 1. The three-dimensional finite element model of thoracolumbar segment basically accords with the biomechanical characteristics of normal human body, including 58815 nodes and 227774 elements, which can be used in the biomechanical study of the thoracolumbar segment. 2. The model is effective after verification and simulates the treatment process of reduction bed. During the reduction process, the distribution of stress and strain in the thoracolumbar segment of the spine is different, which is of great significance to explain the injury mechanism of the compression fracture of the L1 vertebral body. It provides sufficient theoretical basis for the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture with reduction bed support, which is convenient for clinical popularization. Conclusion: the three-dimensional finite element model of thoracolumbar segment consists of five vertebrae, four intervertebral discs and corresponding ligaments of T11-L3. When the load is applied to the model, the force increases from small to large, and the range of motion obtained by the model changes from large to small, and finally tends to be stable, showing nonlinear mechanical behavior. The structure of the finite element model of L1 vertebral compression fracture also shows nonlinear mechanical behavior. When the reduction height is 10cm, the mechanical properties of the injured vertebral body are the most stable and the reduction effect is the best.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R687.3

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