【摘要】：關(guān)節(jié)軟骨是人體關(guān)節(jié)的重要組成部分,參與人體大部分的行為活動(dòng),其中膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在人體承重、減震中又起到了關(guān)鍵作用。但由于軟骨特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),軟骨內(nèi)部沒有血液供應(yīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),一旦受到損傷很難自我恢復(fù),因此對(duì)軟骨受損后的研究至關(guān)重要,深入研究更能夠?yàn)楣顷P(guān)節(jié)炎患者提供更好的保養(yǎng)及恢復(fù)幫助。本課題主要是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)手段去深入研究缺損軟骨在滾壓載荷下的力學(xué)性能,分析總結(jié)軟骨損傷演化規(guī)律,一方面通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)去總結(jié)缺損對(duì)軟骨的影響與傷口附近的力學(xué)性能,另一方面通過計(jì)算機(jī)仿真缺損軟骨在滾壓載荷下的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變分布,驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的可靠性,為骨關(guān)節(jié)炎等臨床軟骨疾病提供參考依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置是軟骨實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要組成部分,會(huì)影響到軟骨實(shí)驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性。現(xiàn)針對(duì)缺損軟骨需要進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方案,設(shè)計(jì)了一套滾壓加載實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,該裝置主要由步進(jìn)電機(jī)、連接桿、不銹鋼壓頭、水槽、恒溫加熱裝置組成。步進(jìn)電機(jī)帶動(dòng)絲杠將回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為直線運(yùn)動(dòng),通過連接桿帶動(dòng)壓頭做勻速往復(fù)滾動(dòng)對(duì)軟骨試件施加載荷。該裝置可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中提供恒溫液態(tài)環(huán)境,模擬軟骨在生物體內(nèi)工作環(huán)境。該裝置分別通過對(duì)軟骨施加不同參數(shù)的滾壓載荷,探索軟骨在各載荷參數(shù)下的力學(xué)性能。采用非接觸數(shù)字相關(guān)技術(shù),實(shí)驗(yàn)記錄分析缺損軟骨在連續(xù)滾壓載荷下傷口附近的應(yīng)變變化情況,分析總結(jié)缺損軟骨傷口附近的力學(xué)性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明缺損對(duì)軟骨的力學(xué)性能有著一定影響,且隨著損傷深度的增加,軟骨表層點(diǎn)應(yīng)變逐漸增加,中、深層點(diǎn)應(yīng)變逐漸降低,其中切應(yīng)變是主要破壞因素,軟骨優(yōu)先在缺口底角處破壞;隨著滾壓速率增加,缺損軟骨淺表層應(yīng)變先增加后降低,而在深層軟骨應(yīng)變呈增加趨勢(shì)。將計(jì)算機(jī)有限元仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果作對(duì)比可以看出,仿真曲線較實(shí)驗(yàn)曲線更平緩,曲線分布連續(xù)性更強(qiáng),但由于不同軟骨試件具有差異性,兩曲線數(shù)值大小有差異,總體趨勢(shì)與實(shí)驗(yàn)曲線保持一致,從而驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)的準(zhǔn)確性與可靠性。
[Abstract]:Articular cartilage is an important part of human joint, which takes part in most of human behavior, in which articular cartilage plays a key role in bearing weight and reducing earthquake. However, due to the special structural characteristics of cartilage, there is no blood supply of nutrients in cartilage. Once damaged, it is difficult to recover itself, so it is very important to study the damage of cartilage. Further research can provide better maintenance and recovery for patients with osteoarthritis. The main purpose of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of defect cartilage under rolling load by experimental means, and to analyze and summarize the law of cartilage damage evolution. On the one hand, the influence of defect on cartilage and the mechanical properties near the wound are summarized through experimental data. On the other hand, the distribution of stress and strain of defective cartilage under rolling load is simulated by computer to verify the reliability of the experimental results, which provides a reference for clinical cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis. Experimental device is an important part of cartilage experiment, which will affect the accuracy of cartilage experiment. In this paper, a rolling loading experimental device is designed, which is composed of stepping motor, connecting rod, stainless steel head, flume and constant temperature heating device. The stepper motor drives the lead screw to transform the rotary motion into the linear motion, and loads the cartilage specimen by using the connecting rod to drive the pressure head to make a uniform reciprocating roll on the cartilage specimen. The device can provide constant temperature liquid environment and simulate cartilage working environment in vivo. The mechanical properties of cartilage under different loading parameters were investigated by applying rolling load with different parameters. Non-contact digital correlation technique was used to record and analyze the strain changes of the defect cartilage near the wound under continuous rolling loading and the mechanical properties near the defect cartilage wound were analyzed and summarized. The experimental results show that the defect has a certain effect on the mechanical properties of cartilage, and with the increase of the depth of injury, the point strain of the surface layer increases gradually, and the point strain of the middle and deep layer decreases gradually, among which the shear strain is the main failure factor. The cartilage was destroyed at the bottom corner of the notch. With the increase of rolling rate, the strain of superficial surface layer of defect cartilage firstly increased and then decreased, but the strain of deep layer cartilage increased. Comparing the computer finite element simulation results with the experimental results, it can be seen that the simulation curve is more gentle than the experimental curve, and the continuity of curve distribution is stronger, but because of the difference of different cartilage specimen, the numerical value of the two curves is different. The overall trend is consistent with the experimental curve, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the experiment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R681.3;R318.01

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