幾種個性化髖關(guān)節(jié)假體的設(shè)計與生物力學(xué)分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-14 19:19
【摘要】：股骨是人體重要的承重結(jié)構(gòu),承載者人體上半身的全部重量與人的奔走運動的重要責(zé)任。但是由于外力與疾病等的影響經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)股骨上段的不可逆病變,假體置換是還原股骨上段功能的方式之一。全世界人口60幾個億,每年會有50多萬患者選擇髖關(guān)節(jié)置換。人工股骨柄的植入效果與其所承受的力學(xué)環(huán)境有著密切的聯(lián)系,而股骨柄的受力情況主要受假體的形態(tài)影響。目前臨床上常用的假體都是幾種常規(guī)形狀的假體,并且都是根據(jù)經(jīng)驗進行選擇,并沒有考慮患者本身骨力學(xué)特性對假體植入后效果的影響。本文就是針對這個問題開展研究。因國內(nèi)所使用的股骨柄大部分都是從國外進口而來,尤其是美國的產(chǎn)品,因此應(yīng)當(dāng)查找美國人與中國人的骨密度進行對比。國人與美國人的平均骨密度相比,上限相差40%,下限相差35%。骨密度差距主要集中分布在20%左右的范圍內(nèi)。因此選取集中區(qū)域的分布值作為計算參考。建立了有兩種材料屬性的股骨三維有限元模型,設(shè)計了四種假體模型并與市場上一種流行的假體進行比較。發(fā)現(xiàn)假體因設(shè)計的不同而對骨密度的需求也不同,對不同骨密度的股骨上的影響也不同.根據(jù)不同的判定的方式而導(dǎo)致的假體適應(yīng)性也不同。經(jīng)過有限元分析得出,設(shè)計的改型1假體因?qū)е鹿晒墙藨?yīng)力過大而被舍棄。通過對比后發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的判定準(zhǔn)則會對應(yīng)不同的假體。采用應(yīng)力或應(yīng)變作為判據(jù)時,改型4假體適用在大轉(zhuǎn)子區(qū)域的骨密度在0.69-0.77 g/cm3區(qū)間的股骨。當(dāng)采用應(yīng)變能作為判據(jù)時,改型2假體適用于大轉(zhuǎn)子區(qū)域的骨密度在0.780-0.862 g/cm3區(qū)間的股骨。當(dāng)采用應(yīng)變能密度作為判據(jù)時,改型3假體適用在大轉(zhuǎn)子區(qū)域的骨密度在0.657-0.780 g/cm3與0.862-0.985 g/cm3區(qū)間內(nèi)的股骨。因此假體的選擇與設(shè)計時應(yīng)當(dāng)充分考慮假體幾何形態(tài)受骨密度的影響。盡可能多方面的考慮假體的力學(xué)判據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Femur is an important bearing structure of human body. However, due to the influence of external force and disease, there are often irreversible lesions in the upper femur. Prosthesis replacement is one of the ways to reduce the function of the upper femur. With a population of more than 6 billion, more than half a million patients choose hip replacement every year. The effect of artificial femur pedicle implantation is closely related to its mechanical environment, while the mechanical condition of femoral stalk is mainly affected by the shape of prosthesis. At present, the commonly used prostheses in clinic are several kinds of conventional shape prostheses, and they are all selected according to experience, and the influence of the patient's own bone mechanics characteristics on the effect of prosthesis implantation is not considered. This article is to carry out research on this issue. Since most of the femur handles used in China are imported from abroad, especially in the United States, bone mineral density should be compared between Americans and Chinese. The upper limit and the lower limit differ by 40 and 35, respectively, compared with the average bone mineral density of Americans. The bone mineral density difference is mainly distributed in the range of about 20%. Therefore, the distribution value of the concentrated region is selected as the reference for the calculation. Three dimensional finite element model of femur with two kinds of material properties was established, and four kinds of prosthesis models were designed and compared with a popular prosthesis in the market. It was found that the bone mineral density (BMD) requirement of prosthesis was different according to the design, and the effect on femoral bone density was also different. The adaptability of the prosthesis is different according to the different way of judgment. Finite element analysis showed that the modified 1 prosthesis was abandoned because of excessive stress at the proximal end of femur. After comparison, it is found that different criteria will correspond to different prostheses. When stress or strain is used as criterion, the modified 4 prosthesis is suitable for femur with BMD of 0.69-0.77 g/cm3 in the region of great trochanter. When strain energy was used as the criterion, the modified 2 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density ranging from 0.780-0.862 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. When the strain energy density was used as the criterion, the modified 3 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density of 0.657-0.780 g/cm3 and 0.862-0.985 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. Therefore, the choice and design of prosthesis should take into account the effect of bone mineral density on the geometry of prosthesis. Consider the mechanics criterion of prosthesis as much as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R687.4;R318.17
[Abstract]:Femur is an important bearing structure of human body. However, due to the influence of external force and disease, there are often irreversible lesions in the upper femur. Prosthesis replacement is one of the ways to reduce the function of the upper femur. With a population of more than 6 billion, more than half a million patients choose hip replacement every year. The effect of artificial femur pedicle implantation is closely related to its mechanical environment, while the mechanical condition of femoral stalk is mainly affected by the shape of prosthesis. At present, the commonly used prostheses in clinic are several kinds of conventional shape prostheses, and they are all selected according to experience, and the influence of the patient's own bone mechanics characteristics on the effect of prosthesis implantation is not considered. This article is to carry out research on this issue. Since most of the femur handles used in China are imported from abroad, especially in the United States, bone mineral density should be compared between Americans and Chinese. The upper limit and the lower limit differ by 40 and 35, respectively, compared with the average bone mineral density of Americans. The bone mineral density difference is mainly distributed in the range of about 20%. Therefore, the distribution value of the concentrated region is selected as the reference for the calculation. Three dimensional finite element model of femur with two kinds of material properties was established, and four kinds of prosthesis models were designed and compared with a popular prosthesis in the market. It was found that the bone mineral density (BMD) requirement of prosthesis was different according to the design, and the effect on femoral bone density was also different. The adaptability of the prosthesis is different according to the different way of judgment. Finite element analysis showed that the modified 1 prosthesis was abandoned because of excessive stress at the proximal end of femur. After comparison, it is found that different criteria will correspond to different prostheses. When stress or strain is used as criterion, the modified 4 prosthesis is suitable for femur with BMD of 0.69-0.77 g/cm3 in the region of great trochanter. When strain energy was used as the criterion, the modified 2 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density ranging from 0.780-0.862 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. When the strain energy density was used as the criterion, the modified 3 prosthesis was suitable for femur with bone mineral density of 0.657-0.780 g/cm3 and 0.862-0.985 g/cm3 in the trochanter region. Therefore, the choice and design of prosthesis should take into account the effect of bone mineral density on the geometry of prosthesis. Consider the mechanics criterion of prosthesis as much as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R687.4;R318.17
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