【摘要】：膝關(guān)節(jié)對人體來說至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)樗慕Y(jié)構(gòu)和功能相當(dāng)復(fù)雜,且是人體最大的滑車關(guān)節(jié)。在日常生活、工作、勞動(dòng),尤其是體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中,膝關(guān)節(jié)都起著非常重要的作用。在球類、田徑等體育項(xiàng)目中,姿勢不當(dāng)、重心不穩(wěn)、負(fù)荷過重、準(zhǔn)備運(yùn)動(dòng)不足以及下肢肌群疲勞等原因經(jīng)常引發(fā)膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷繼而引發(fā)下肢功能障礙甚至下肢癱瘓；膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍的控制肌群決定了膝關(guān)節(jié)的安全,因此研究膝關(guān)節(jié)的控制肌群將對康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)、病理診斷、運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)和體育教學(xué)等領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響,對預(yù)防膝關(guān)節(jié)勞損和病變有著直接的意義。要研究膝關(guān)節(jié)的控制肌群,就需要在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中采集肌群的運(yùn)動(dòng)信息。基于肌電信號(hào)的采集和分析只能夠在某種程度上描述神經(jīng)肌肉的運(yùn)動(dòng)。盡管相對于利用針電極通過刺入肌肉體接觸肌纖維而得到肌電信號(hào),表面肌電信號(hào)的采集使用面電極,具有無創(chuàng)傷性和無副作用等改善,但無論是肌電信號(hào)還是表面肌電信號(hào)都很容易受到人體自身導(dǎo)電性、心電信號(hào)、體溫變化和個(gè)體體質(zhì)差異等因素的影響,再加上肌電信號(hào)本身非常微弱并且頻譜分布很窄,信息采集往往缺乏可靠性和一致性,并且采集過程需要昂貴的設(shè)備和安靜的環(huán)境,難以在真實(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中進(jìn)行采集和監(jiān)測。針對目前采集肌群信息的研究局限于肌電信號(hào)和表面肌電信號(hào)的現(xiàn)狀,本文提出了一種新的采集方法：在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程全方位采集膝關(guān)節(jié)控制肌群的壓電信息,準(zhǔn)確獲取肌群的力學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)參數(shù),以定量揭示膝關(guān)節(jié)控制肌群的生物力學(xué)特征和動(dòng)力學(xué)規(guī)律。本文專門設(shè)計(jì)并制作了基于PVDF的膝關(guān)節(jié)控制肌群電信息采集傳感器。PVDF壓電薄膜具有質(zhì)輕、柔軟、極薄、耐沖擊和抗腐蝕等優(yōu)點(diǎn),并且特別適合工作于動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境。經(jīng)過測試和仿真的對比,傳感器的懸臂梁最終采用了圓形簡支懸臂梁結(jié)構(gòu)。針對傳感器的性能開發(fā)了信號(hào)調(diào)理電路,并測試了傳感器的性能：壓力信號(hào)在500N-1500N之間,傳感器有良好的輸出；激勵(lì)頻率控制在750Hz左右,將獲得偏差最小的傳感器響應(yīng)頻率；激勵(lì)頻率低于6Hz或者高于2000Hz,傳感器響應(yīng)頻率的偏差將超過5%。研究膝關(guān)節(jié)臨床解剖學(xué),設(shè)計(jì)了傳感器陣列布置方案并利用運(yùn)動(dòng)緊身褲進(jìn)行加工。利用深蹲運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)測試,證明了該采集方法經(jīng)濟(jì)、可靠、實(shí)用,能夠有效采集和監(jiān)測人體運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)膝關(guān)節(jié)控制肌群的電信息。
[Abstract]:Knee joint is very important for human body because its structure and function is very complex and it is the largest pulley joint. In daily life, work, labor, especially in sports, knee joint plays a very important role. In ball games, track and field and other sports events, the posture is improper, the center of gravity is unstable, the load is overweight, the preparation movement is insufficient and the lower extremity muscle group fatigue and so on the reason and so on often causes the knee joint injury and then causes the lower extremity dysfunction and even the lower extremity paralysis; The controlled muscles around the knee joint determine the safety of the knee joint. Therefore, the study of the controlled muscle group of the knee joint will have a profound impact on the fields of rehabilitation medicine, pathological diagnosis, sports science and physical education, etc. It is of direct significance to prevent knee joint strain and disease. In order to study the controlling muscle group of knee joint, it is necessary to collect the movement information of the muscle group during exercise. The collection and analysis based on EMG signal can only describe the neuromuscular movement to some extent. Although EMG signals are obtained by pricking the muscle body into the muscle fibers with needle electrodes, the surface electrodes used to collect surface EMG signals have improved in terms of non-traumatic and non-side effects, etc. However, both EMG signals and surface EMG signals are easily affected by the human body's own electrical conductivity, ECG signals, body temperature changes and individual physical differences. Besides, the EMG signals themselves are very weak and the spectrum distribution is very narrow. Information collection is often lack of reliability and consistency, and the acquisition process requires expensive equipment and quiet environment, so it is difficult to collect and monitor in real motion process. In view of the fact that the current research of collecting muscle group information is limited to the current situation of EMG signal and surface EMG signal, a new method is proposed in this paper: to collect the piezoelectric information of knee joint control muscle group in all directions during the motion process. The mechanical kinematics parameters of the muscle group were obtained accurately to reveal the biomechanical characteristics and dynamics of the knee joint controlled muscle group quantitatively. In this paper, the electrical information acquisition sensor of knee joint control muscle group based on PVDF is designed and fabricated. The PVDF piezoelectric film has the advantages of light weight, soft, extremely thin, impact and corrosion resistance, and is especially suitable for working in dynamic environment. Through the comparison of test and simulation, the cantilever beam of the sensor is finally adopted circular simply supported cantilever structure. The signal conditioning circuit is developed for the performance of the sensor, and the performance of the sensor is tested: the pressure signal is between 500N-1500N and the sensor has good output, the excitation frequency is controlled around 750Hz, the sensor response frequency with the minimum deviation will be obtained. If the excitation frequency is lower than 6Hz or higher than 2000 Hz, the deviation of sensor response frequency will exceed 5. The clinical anatomy of knee joint was studied and the sensor array arrangement was designed. The dynamic test of squat motion shows that the method is economical, reliable and practical, and can effectively collect and monitor the electrical information of knee joint control muscle group during human motion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R684;TP274

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本文編號(hào)：2266656