脛骨平臺骨折手術(shù)入路和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的綜述
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: Tibial plateau fractures are common but complex injuries, including a variety of fracture types, and are often associated with important soft tissue injuries. Occasionally, the associated intra-articular injuries need to be addressed. They can occur at any age, but are bimodal in distribution. High-energy injuries usually occur in young adults with good bone quality. In adults, low-energy fractures usually occur in elderly patients with poor bone mass. This is mainly related to axial, bending and rotating forces or the combination of these forces. Surgical treatment of displaced and unstable fractures is becoming increasingly common. These fractures are often described by Schatzker and AO/OTA classification systems. For timing of surgical treatment, understand The degree of soft tissue damage around the knee joint is crucial unless a pure transdermal approach is used. Although the earlier the operation is performed, the simpler the reduction is technically, the later the operation is performed is meaningful in reducing the risk of wound complications. The use of implants can also minimize the risk of complications such as wound infection, nonunion, etc. Fine anatomy and procedures to prevent injuries to soft tissues are necessary to avoid nerve and vascular injuries or iatrogenic injuries to soft tissues. The choice of approach depends primarily on the type of fracture, taking into account the condition of soft tissue, patient's own factors and other injuries (such as revascularization or fasciotomy), and occasional changes in surgical procedures. The use of computed tomography (CT) greatly improves our understanding of the type of injury. Sagittal and coronal CT All proximal tibial fractures can be reconstructed by scanning. If external fixation is necessary according to the condition of injury, CT scan can be postponed until after external fixation and before closed reduction. Detailed analysis of fracture types, especially fracture section, displacement of joint surface, comminution, is necessary for fracture reduction and the application of fixed implants. Early treatment of proximal tibial fractures relies on a direct anterior median approach, requiring the removal of a large number of soft tissue flaps to expose the corresponding fracture. To deal with related lateral ligament and meniscus injuries, an inverted "L" incision was modified above the marked articular line. Since Tscherne and Lobenhoffer published their views 20 years ago, peripatellar incisions have been reduced in use, posteromedial and posterolateral approaches have been described and commonly used dual approaches have evolved. There is not much soft tissue between the upper tibia and the subcutaneous portion of the upper tibia. These injuries can cause significant soft tissue damage. Successful treatment of the surrounding soft tissue for high-energy knee injuries or tibial plateau fractures is a crucial good outcome. For most patients, the knee joint lacks soft tissue protection, especially This increases the risk of complications in the treatment of proximal tibial fractures due to high-energy injuries. The treatment of tibial plateau fractures is challenging and involves infection and deformities. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment can alleviate the impact of these complications. We classify tibial plateau fractures into unicondylar and bicondylar fractures to summarize the risk and complication management strategies for such injuries. Bicondylar injuries are treated by surgery as compared with unicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Complications are significantly higher after treatment. They are usually caused by high-energy trauma, such as severe comminuted fractures, open fractures, vascular injuries, and the risk of osteofascial compartment syndrome. Injury. Therefore, tibial plateau fractures, especially bicondylar fractures, now require a unique set of requirements. Good results require careful preoperative planning, reduction, and full protection of soft tissue, and early identification and treatment of postoperative acute complications. Common surgical approaches, related soft tissue injuries and postoperative complications of the treatment of such fractures to provide help for clinical treatment.
【學位授予單位】:河北醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:R687.3
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