本文選題：建模方法　切入點：中國50百分位　出處：《湖南大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在汽車碰撞安全的研究方法中,有限元法因其獨特的優(yōu)點,成為研究的主要方法之一。人體下肢有限元模型,作為下肢交通損傷生物力學研究的主要工具,常被用于整車優(yōu)化、事故重建及損傷研究。下肢有限元模型經(jīng)歷了若干個時期的發(fā)展,其計算和仿生精度得到了較大的提升。 但是,現(xiàn)有的下肢有限元模型仍存在很多問題：首先,模型均是基于歐美人體建立,與中國人體存在較大差異；其次,現(xiàn)有模型均是將下肢肌肉作為整體建模,不便于模擬真實的肌肉主動力。因此,建立具有肌肉束模型的基于中國人體特征的50百分位男性下肢有限元模型顯得至關(guān)重要。 因此,本文在文獻研究基礎(chǔ)上,制定了一種用于中國人體下肢有限元模型建模的方案,并用于中國50百分位男性小腿的建模。基于文獻研究,獲得了中國50th男性下肢的人體統(tǒng)計學數(shù)據(jù)。利用CT及MRI掃描數(shù)據(jù)提取了幾何數(shù)據(jù),進行了網(wǎng)格的劃分,模型包含腳骨(26塊)、脛骨、腓骨、11束肌肉模型等,并依據(jù)中國人體統(tǒng)計學數(shù)據(jù),對模型進行縮放,獲得50百分位男性小腿網(wǎng)格模型。 在此基礎(chǔ)上,對模型進行了部件及屬性和材料的定義。針對下肢在交通事故中的損傷特點,進行了脛骨與腓骨不同方向的準靜態(tài)三點彎曲驗證,脛骨、腓骨、小腿的側(cè)向不同部位的動態(tài)三點彎曲驗證,小腿的軸向沖擊等驗證。 結(jié)果顯示,模型的動力學特性與實驗吻合較好,沖擊力峰值的大小與出現(xiàn)的時刻基本一致,脛骨骨折彎矩：308.6N·m(Pro)、233.3N·m(Mid)、218.1N·m(Dist),也在耐受限度的范圍(254±71N·m)之內(nèi),表明所建立的下肢有限元模型具有較好的精度和生物逼真度,所制定的中國人體下肢有限元建模方案具有較高的應(yīng)用價值。 針對下肢長骨剛性沖擊器三點彎曲驗證時,在骨折之前出現(xiàn)的沖擊點位置單元壓潰現(xiàn)象,進行了豬腿長骨實驗研究,建立了特定樣本有限元模型,結(jié)合SEM掃描,對壓潰的產(chǎn)生過程及影響進行了研究,并探討了仿真與試驗中壓潰的不同和如何避免仿真中壓潰的影響。 通過對壓潰現(xiàn)象的實驗及仿真研究,表明,壓潰導致沖擊點的分層現(xiàn)象及骨折路徑改變,對實驗曲線波動的影響相對于仿真較小,并且沖擊區(qū)域不使用單元刪除算法避免壓潰影響是合理的,為模型建立的驗證工作提供了參考。 最后,在模型建立的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用模型研究了三種踝關(guān)節(jié)融合術(shù)對臨近關(guān)節(jié)及軟組織的影響,對三種踝關(guān)節(jié)融合術(shù)進行了評價。結(jié)果顯示,前路加壓踝關(guān)節(jié)融合術(shù)具有較小的術(shù)后臨近關(guān)節(jié)的關(guān)節(jié)炎病變可能。
[Abstract]:In the research method of vehicle collision safety, finite element method (FEM) has become one of the main research methods because of its unique advantages. As the main tool of lower limb traffic injury biomechanics research, the finite element model of human lower extremity is often used in vehicle optimization. The finite element model of lower extremity has gone through several periods of development, and its calculation and bionic accuracy have been greatly improved. However, there are still many problems in the existing finite element models of lower extremities. Firstly, the models are based on the European and American human bodies, which are different from the Chinese ones. Secondly, the existing models are based on the lower limb muscles as a whole. Therefore, it is very important to establish a 50 percentile male lower extremity finite element model with muscle bundle model based on Chinese human characteristics. Therefore, on the basis of literature study, a finite element modeling scheme for Chinese human lower extremities is developed and applied to the modeling of Chinese 50 percentile male calf. The human body statistics data of the lower extremities of the 50th Chinese male were obtained. The geometric data were extracted from CT and MRI scanning data, and the meshes were divided. The models included 26 pieces of foot bone, tibia, and 11 muscle models of fibula, etc. Based on the Chinese anthropometric data, the model was scaled and the 50 percentile male calf mesh model was obtained. On this basis, the definition of components, properties and materials of the model is given. According to the characteristics of lower extremity injuries in traffic accidents, quasi-static three-point bending of tibia and fibula in different directions is carried out, tibia, fibula, fibula, fibula, fibula, tibia and fibula, The dynamic three-point bending of different lateral position of the leg and the axial impact of the leg were verified. The results showed that the dynamic characteristics of the model were in good agreement with the experiment, and the peak value of the impact force was basically the same as the time when it appeared. The tibial fracture moment: 308.6N 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) was 233.3N 路m ~ (-1) N 路m ~ (-1), and it was also within the tolerance limit of 254 鹵71 N 路m ~ (-1). It is shown that the established finite element model of lower extremity has good precision and biological fidelity, and the Chinese finite element modeling scheme for lower extremity of human body has higher application value. In this paper, when the rigid impact device of lower extremity is verified by three point bending, the experimental study on the long bone of pig leg is carried out, and the finite element model of specific sample is established, combined with SEM scan. In this paper, the process and influence of crushing are studied, and the difference between simulation and experiment is discussed, and how to avoid the influence of simulation is discussed. Through the experimental and simulation research on the phenomenon of crushing, it is shown that the phenomenon of stratification of impact point and the change of fracture path caused by crushing have less effect on the fluctuation of experimental curve than that of simulation. And it is reasonable to avoid the impact of the impact region without using the unit deletion algorithm, which provides a reference for the verification of the model building. Finally, on the basis of the establishment of the model, the effects of three kinds of ankle fusion on adjacent joints and soft tissue were studied, and the three kinds of ankle fusion were evaluated. Anterior compression ankle arthrodesis has a small possibility of arthritis adjacent to the joint.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R683

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