本文關(guān)鍵詞： 經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù) AVR微處理器 MSP43微處理器 MODBUS通訊協(xié)議　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)和經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)是近年來發(fā)展起來的新型微創(chuàng)脊柱外科技術(shù),是椎體良、惡性腫瘤及骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折最有效的治療手段。手術(shù)的治療原理是在透視引導(dǎo)下,通過經(jīng)皮穿刺的方法,將骨填充材料注射入病變的椎體內(nèi),或通過球囊擴(kuò)張,在椎體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生空腔,然后注入骨水泥,從而達(dá)到支撐病變椎體,緩解患者疼痛的目的。手術(shù)中,在用帶表加壓器向球囊內(nèi)注射對比劑擴(kuò)張球囊和用螺旋推進(jìn)器向椎體內(nèi)注射骨水泥時,需要醫(yī)生在X射線的監(jiān)視下實時監(jiān)控,時間一般需要3-5分鐘或更長,輻射對操作者造成的損害,成為阻礙該項技術(shù)推廣中遇到的一個不容忽視的因素。為了降低輻射對操作者的損害,我們設(shè)計了一種輔助設(shè)備,可以在防護(hù)玻璃后遠(yuǎn)距離進(jìn)行操作,和帶表加壓器或螺旋推進(jìn)器配套使用,向球囊內(nèi)注射對比劑或向椎體內(nèi)注射骨水泥,避免手術(shù)醫(yī)生X光的輻射,保護(hù)了操作者的健康。椎體成形術(shù)中,手術(shù)的安全性主要取決于醫(yī)生手術(shù)穿刺的位置是否準(zhǔn)確,骨水泥注射時是否出現(xiàn)泄漏,而骨水泥出現(xiàn)泄漏的原因,通常是因為注射時的水泥狀態(tài)還未到牙膏期(不夠粘稠),其次是手術(shù)操作醫(yī)生,為了減少X射線的輻射,沒有實時監(jiān)控骨水泥的分布形態(tài),當(dāng)骨水泥到達(dá)椎體后壁或椎體旁靜脈叢顯影時,未能及時停止注射。我們研發(fā)的椎體成形術(shù)流體注入系統(tǒng)就是代替醫(yī)生的雙手推注,可以讓醫(yī)生在注射的全程進(jìn)行實時監(jiān)控,從而減小了骨水泥泄漏的風(fēng)險。本文設(shè)計了一種遠(yuǎn)程椎體成形術(shù)流體注入系統(tǒng)是根據(jù)臨床需要開發(fā)的一種新型設(shè)備,整個系統(tǒng)分為注射執(zhí)行部分與遙控部分。注射執(zhí)行部分由電機(jī)控制、電源系統(tǒng)、數(shù)值狀態(tài)顯示、壓力測量、無線通信等模塊組成；遙控部分由數(shù)值狀態(tài)顯示、鍵盤輸入、編碼器輸入、電池電源模塊、無線模塊通信模塊、數(shù)據(jù)分析及異常檢測等模塊組成。該系統(tǒng)注射執(zhí)行部分采用Atmel公司的AVR微處理器作為核心處理器,遙控部分采用TI公司的MSP430作為核心處理器,以MODICOM公司開發(fā)的MODBUS作為通訊協(xié)議,MODBUS協(xié)議有遠(yuǎn)程終端(RTU)和ASCⅡ兩種方式。MODBUS的核心結(jié)構(gòu)是一主多從的總線形式。掛在總線上的設(shè)備,只能有一個主站,其他的都是從站。主站的特權(quán)是能發(fā)起一次通訊過程,每個從站對應(yīng)唯一的地址碼,主站發(fā)出的命令幀會帶有發(fā)給相應(yīng)從站的地址碼。所有從站接收到這個命令幀,只有自身地址碼和命令幀中地址碼一致的從站才會響應(yīng)該命令,并組織回送命令幀,回送命令幀中帶有本從站的地址碼。
[Abstract]:Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty are new minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques developed in recent years. The most effective treatment for malignant tumors and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is to inject bone filling materials into the diseased vertebrae or to expand by balloon under the guidance of fluoroscopy and percutaneous puncture. A cavity is created in the body of the vertebra, and then bone cement is injected to support the diseased vertebral body and relieve the pain of the patient. When injecting a contrast agent into the balloon with a table pressurizer and injecting bone cement into the vertebral body with a screw thruster, a doctor is required to monitor it in real time under X-ray surveillance, usually for 3-5 minutes or more. The damage caused by radiation to the operator has become a factor that can not be ignored in the popularization of the technology. In order to reduce the damage caused by radiation to the operator, we have designed a kind of auxiliary equipment. It can be operated at a distance behind the protective glass, used in conjunction with a watch charger or screw propeller, injected with contrast agent into the balloon or bone cement into the vertebral body to avoid X-ray radiation from the surgeon. In vertebroplasty, the safety of the operation depends mainly on whether the location of the puncture is accurate, whether there is leakage during the injection of bone cement, and the cause of the leakage of bone cement. It's usually because the cement at the time of the injection is not yet toothpaste (not thick enough, followed by the surgeon), and in order to reduce X-ray radiation, there is no real-time monitoring of the distribution of bone cement. When the cement reached the posterior wall of the vertebra or the vein plexus adjacent to the vertebra, it failed to stop the injection in time. The fluid injection system we developed for vertebroplasty was designed to replace the doctor's hands and allow the doctor to monitor the whole process of the injection in real time. In order to reduce the risk of bone cement leakage, this paper designed a kind of long-distance vertebroplasty fluid injection system, which is a new type of equipment developed according to clinical needs. The whole system is divided into injection execution part and remote control part. The injection execution part is composed of motor control, power supply system, numerical state display, pressure measurement, wireless communication and so on; the remote control part is composed of numerical state display, keyboard input, etc. Encoder input module, battery power module, wireless module communication module, data analysis and abnormal detection module, etc. The injection execution part of the system uses AVR microprocessor of Atmel company as the core processor. The remote control part uses TI's MSP430 as the core processor, MODBUS developed by MODICOM as the communication protocol and ASC 鈪，

本文編號：1505163