基于股脛關(guān)節(jié)有限元仿真分析的膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎生物力學改變的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-22 06:09
【摘要】：膝關(guān)節(jié)是人體最重要、最復雜的關(guān)節(jié)之一，其運動量大，在日常生活中非常容易受到損傷。膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎是一種由于正常膝關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)生病理變化而導致的慢性骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎（Osteoarthritis，OA），多發(fā)生于老齡人群。嚴重的膝OA患者會因劇烈疼痛而失去正常工作和生活自理能力，由此產(chǎn)生的各種治療費用造成了社會和家庭的巨大經(jīng)濟負擔。 目前膝OA的發(fā)病機制尚不十分清楚，醫(yī)學專家主要認為膝OA進展過程中半月板和軟骨的退變是由力學和生物學因素長期相互作用所導致的。因此，膝OA進展過程中生物力學行為改變的研究有助于闡明力學因素的致病機制。 本文將采集的六例志愿者的正常膝和六例志愿者的OA膝的CT和MRI影像數(shù)據(jù)導入到MIMICS軟件中，對正常膝和OA膝的三維幾何模型進行重構(gòu)，每例模型中包含了股骨、脛骨、腓骨、半月板、股骨軟骨、脛骨軟骨及內(nèi)外側(cè)副韌帶；將每例模型導入HYPERMESH有限元前處理軟件中，對模型中各組織結(jié)構(gòu)選擇不同的單元形式，進行網(wǎng)格劃分，獲得三維網(wǎng)格模型；把每例三維網(wǎng)格模型的各組織結(jié)構(gòu)與相應(yīng)的CT或MRI影像進行對比，保證三維網(wǎng)格模型的精確性；將建立的每例網(wǎng)格模型導入ABAQUS有限元分析軟件中進行材料屬性、邊界條件及載荷的設(shè)置；通過受力仿真分析獲得每例模型的內(nèi)外側(cè)半月板的最大Mises應(yīng)力、軟骨的內(nèi)外側(cè)最大Mises應(yīng)力和接觸面積。 根據(jù)仿真分析結(jié)果，，將正常膝的內(nèi)側(cè)與外側(cè)半月板最大Mises應(yīng)力的比值、軟骨內(nèi)側(cè)與外側(cè)最大Mises應(yīng)力的比值、軟骨內(nèi)側(cè)與外側(cè)接觸面積的比值與OA膝的相應(yīng)的指標進行對比，可知OA膝半月板和軟骨的最大Mises應(yīng)力內(nèi)側(cè)與外側(cè)的比值、接觸面積內(nèi)側(cè)與外側(cè)的比值基本上高于正常狀態(tài)，表明了OA膝的內(nèi)側(cè)負重要高于正常狀態(tài)。從生物力學層面上闡明了OA膝MRI影像觀察到的內(nèi)側(cè)半月板和軟骨內(nèi)側(cè)磨損嚴重以及CT影像觀察到的股骨與脛骨內(nèi)側(cè)間隙變小的力學致病機理。
[Abstract]:Knee joint is one of the most important and complex joints in human body. It has a large amount of exercise and is very vulnerable to injury in daily life. Knee osteoarthritis is a kind of chronic osteoarthritis (Osteoarthritis,OA) caused by pathological changes of normal knee joint, which mostly occurs in the elderly population. Severe knee OA patients will lose their normal work and self-care ability due to severe pain, resulting in a huge social and family financial burden. At present, the pathogenesis of knee OA is not very clear. Medical experts mainly believe that meniscus and cartilage degeneration during the progress of knee OA is caused by the long-term interaction of mechanical and biological factors. Therefore, the study of biomechanical behavior changes during the progress of knee OA is helpful to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of mechanical factors. In this paper, the CT and MRI images of normal knees of six volunteers and OA knees of six volunteers were imported into MIMICS software to reconstruct the three-dimensional geometric models of normal knees and OA knees. Meniscus, femoral cartilage, tibia cartilage and lateral collateral ligament; Each model is imported into HYPERMESH finite element pre-processing software, and different element forms are selected for each organization structure in the model, and the three-dimensional grid model is obtained by meshing. The organizational structure of each 3D grid model is compared with the corresponding CT or MRI images to ensure the accuracy of the 3D mesh model. Each case grid model is imported into ABAQUS finite element analysis software for material properties, boundary conditions and load settings. The maximum Mises stress of the inner and outer meniscus, the maximum Mises stress and the contact area of the inner and outer meniscus of each model were obtained by force simulation analysis. According to the results of simulation analysis, the ratio of maximum Mises stress between medial and lateral meniscus of normal knee, the ratio of maximum Mises stress between medial and lateral cartilage, and the ratio of medial to lateral contact area of cartilage were compared with the corresponding indexes of OA knee. It can be seen that the ratio of medial to lateral Mises stress of OA knee meniscus and cartilage, and the ratio of medial to lateral contact area are basically higher than those of normal state, which indicates that the medial negative value of OA knee is significantly higher than that of normal state. The mechanical pathogenesis of medial meniscus and medial cartilage wear observed by MRI images of OA knee and the decrease of medial space between femurs and tibia observed by CT images were expounded from the biomechanical level.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R318.01
本文編號：2482737
[Abstract]:Knee joint is one of the most important and complex joints in human body. It has a large amount of exercise and is very vulnerable to injury in daily life. Knee osteoarthritis is a kind of chronic osteoarthritis (Osteoarthritis,OA) caused by pathological changes of normal knee joint, which mostly occurs in the elderly population. Severe knee OA patients will lose their normal work and self-care ability due to severe pain, resulting in a huge social and family financial burden. At present, the pathogenesis of knee OA is not very clear. Medical experts mainly believe that meniscus and cartilage degeneration during the progress of knee OA is caused by the long-term interaction of mechanical and biological factors. Therefore, the study of biomechanical behavior changes during the progress of knee OA is helpful to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of mechanical factors. In this paper, the CT and MRI images of normal knees of six volunteers and OA knees of six volunteers were imported into MIMICS software to reconstruct the three-dimensional geometric models of normal knees and OA knees. Meniscus, femoral cartilage, tibia cartilage and lateral collateral ligament; Each model is imported into HYPERMESH finite element pre-processing software, and different element forms are selected for each organization structure in the model, and the three-dimensional grid model is obtained by meshing. The organizational structure of each 3D grid model is compared with the corresponding CT or MRI images to ensure the accuracy of the 3D mesh model. Each case grid model is imported into ABAQUS finite element analysis software for material properties, boundary conditions and load settings. The maximum Mises stress of the inner and outer meniscus, the maximum Mises stress and the contact area of the inner and outer meniscus of each model were obtained by force simulation analysis. According to the results of simulation analysis, the ratio of maximum Mises stress between medial and lateral meniscus of normal knee, the ratio of maximum Mises stress between medial and lateral cartilage, and the ratio of medial to lateral contact area of cartilage were compared with the corresponding indexes of OA knee. It can be seen that the ratio of medial to lateral Mises stress of OA knee meniscus and cartilage, and the ratio of medial to lateral contact area are basically higher than those of normal state, which indicates that the medial negative value of OA knee is significantly higher than that of normal state. The mechanical pathogenesis of medial meniscus and medial cartilage wear observed by MRI images of OA knee and the decrease of medial space between femurs and tibia observed by CT images were expounded from the biomechanical level.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R318.01
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