【摘要】：熱療是繼外科手術(shù)、放射性治療、化學(xué)藥物治療之后的又一個有效的惡性腫瘤治療方法。同時熱療能夠與放療、化療有協(xié)同放大作用，，符合惡性腫瘤綜合治療的理念。隨著近年來工程技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，腫瘤熱療領(lǐng)域獲得了較快的發(fā)展，這其中既有直接使蛋白質(zhì)凝固壞死殺傷腫瘤的HIFU（High Intensity Focused Ultrasound，高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲）為代表的高熱療法，也有通過數(shù)次加熱，誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡、利用腫瘤細(xì)胞與正常細(xì)胞熱反應(yīng)不同從而治療腫瘤的溫?zé)岑煼ā?該論文描述了一種利用超聲作為熱源，通過各種測溫手段得到治療區(qū)域溫度并將其應(yīng)用到負(fù)反饋控制調(diào)節(jié)使治療溫度趨于穩(wěn)定在所需的治療溫度附近，用嵌入式平臺作為系統(tǒng)的核心所實現(xiàn)的智能化、小型化、安全有效的溫?zé)岢暷[瘤熱化療儀。 超聲腫瘤熱化療儀硬件部分劃分為五個模塊：主控嵌入式平臺、信號產(chǎn)生與功率放大、控制、溫度檢測、水冷循環(huán)。各模塊各司其職，共同完成治療任務(wù)。其中主控嵌入式平臺，是整個儀器的核心，負(fù)責(zé)人機(jī)交互、系統(tǒng)控制、溫度計算、控制運(yùn)算等工作，是實現(xiàn)整個系統(tǒng)智能、安全的關(guān)鍵。信號產(chǎn)生與功率放大，負(fù)責(zé)信號的產(chǎn)生、功率的放大以及串聯(lián)諧振，是驅(qū)動超聲換能器產(chǎn)生能量輸出的關(guān)鍵�？刂颇K，主要由一塊下位控制芯片及其外周電路組成，負(fù)責(zé)與嵌入式平臺通訊并執(zhí)行各項控制指令。溫度檢測模塊，主要由熱電偶測溫探針以及配套電路和數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換組成，負(fù)責(zé)檢測各監(jiān)控點的溫度并傳送到嵌入式平臺，是整個系統(tǒng)控制數(shù)據(jù)的來源。水冷循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，包括了恒流泵在內(nèi)的水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和風(fēng)扇、半導(dǎo)體散熱片在內(nèi)的冷卻系統(tǒng)，負(fù)責(zé)對耦合水囊中的水冷卻處理，防止出現(xiàn)表面燙傷。 超聲腫瘤熱化療儀的軟件按照模塊化的思想分為了五個模塊，分別是：病人數(shù)據(jù)庫管理、溫度信息采集、溫度調(diào)節(jié)、系統(tǒng)控制、通訊。其中病人數(shù)據(jù)庫模塊負(fù)責(zé)記錄病人的相關(guān)信息，并保存病人歷次治療的各項情況，該模塊以后將與醫(yī)院病人管理系統(tǒng)對接。溫度信息采集負(fù)責(zé)通過諸如熱電偶探針、磁共振等各種方式采集各監(jiān)控點的溫度數(shù)據(jù)。溫度調(diào)節(jié)負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)采集得到的溫度信息，采用合理的算法得到需要輸出的超聲功率。系統(tǒng)控制負(fù)責(zé)將各種計算結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)化為控制參數(shù)與控制命令，控制整個系統(tǒng)正常工作。通訊負(fù)責(zé)通過RS-232串口在嵌入式平臺和下位控制芯片之間進(jìn)行信息傳遞。 目前已在原有超聲腫瘤治療設(shè)備的基礎(chǔ)上制作完成了小型化的改進(jìn)型超聲腫瘤熱化療儀，并且對儀器的軟件系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了二次編寫，改進(jìn)原有軟件，為后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)庫對接、磁共振測溫的加入提供了預(yù)留的接口函數(shù)，同時重新編寫的軟件為超聲腫瘤熱療設(shè)備與化療儀器的結(jié)合打下了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Hyperthermic therapy is another effective treatment of malignant tumor after surgery, radiation therapy and chemical drug therapy. At the same time, hyperthermia can cooperate with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which accords with the concept of comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors. With the rapid development of engineering technology in recent years, the field of tumor hyperthermic therapy has been developed rapidly, which is represented by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultrasound, high intensity focused ultrasound), which directly causes protein coagulation and necrosis to kill tumor. There are also thermotherapy for the treatment of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells through several times of heating and using different thermal reactions between tumor cells and normal cells. This paper describes a method of using ultrasound as heat source to obtain the temperature of the treatment area by various means of temperature measurement and to apply it to the negative feedback control to stabilize the treatment temperature near the required treatment temperature. The embedded platform is used as the core of the system to realize the intelligent, miniaturized, safe and effective thermothermal ultrasound thermochemotherapy instrument. The hardware of ultrasonic tumor thermochemotherapy instrument is divided into five modules: main control embedded platform, signal generation and power amplification, control, temperature detection, water cooling cycle. Each module performs its own duties and completes the treatment task together. The main control embedded platform is the core of the whole instrument, such as computer interaction, system control, temperature calculation, control operation and so on, which is the key to realize the intelligence and security of the whole system. Signal generation and power amplification, responsible for signal generation, power amplification and series resonance are the key to drive ultrasonic transducer to produce energy output. The control module is mainly composed of a lower control chip and its peripheral circuit, which is responsible for communicating with the embedded platform and executing various control instructions. The temperature detection module is mainly composed of thermocouple temperature measuring probe, supporting circuit and digital-to-analog conversion. It is responsible for detecting the temperature of each monitoring point and transmitting it to the embedded platform. It is the source of the control data of the whole system. Water cooling cycle system, including constant current pump and fan, semiconductor heat sink, is responsible for cooling water in coupling water capsule to prevent surface scald. The software of ultrasonic tumor thermochemotherapy instrument is divided into five modules according to the idea of modularization, which are: patient database management, temperature information collection, temperature regulation, system control and communication. The patient database module is responsible for recording the relevant information of the patient and saving the treatment of the patient. The module will be docked with the hospital patient management system in the future. Temperature information collection is responsible for collecting temperature data of monitoring points by means of thermocouple probe, magnetic resonance and so on. According to the collected temperature information, the temperature regulation is responsible for obtaining the ultrasonic power that needs to be output by using a reasonable algorithm. System control is responsible for converting all kinds of calculation results into control parameters and control commands, and controlling the normal operation of the whole system. Communication is responsible for information transmission between embedded platform and lower control chip through RS-232 serial port. At present, a miniaturized improved ultrasonic tumor thermochemotherapy instrument has been made on the basis of the original ultrasonic tumor treatment equipment, and the software system of the instrument has been compiled twice, and the original software has been improved to connect with the subsequent database. The addition of magnetic resonance temperature measurement provides a reserved interface function, and the rewritten software lays a foundation for the combination of ultrasonic tumor hyperthermic equipment and chemotherapy instrument.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R197.39

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