【摘要】：特殊浸潤性材料因其特殊的表面特性而在日常生活和工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,也引起了研究者的極大興趣與關(guān)注�；谔厥饨䴘櫺圆牧系膽�(yīng)用前景,本文制備了具有干性粘附和自清潔特性的仿壁虎超疏水微圖形,超疏水親油油水分離網(wǎng)膜和表面浸潤性可快速轉(zhuǎn)變油水分離網(wǎng)膜三種不同表面特性和功能特性的特殊浸潤性材料,表征和研究了三種特殊浸潤性材料的表面特性和功能特性,并探索了上述材料的應(yīng)用。本論文研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下：(1)制備了具有干性粘附和自清潔特性的PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷,硅橡膠)仿壁虎超疏水微圖形,并對微圖形的粘附性能,浸潤特性和自清潔性能進(jìn)行了表征和研究,研究了微圖形在不同粗糙度和表面能表面上的粘附特性。采用干法刻蝕和模具注塑復(fù)型相結(jié)合的方法成功制備了剛毛結(jié)構(gòu)完整的仿壁虎微圖形,微圖形的力學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,微圖形的粘附力隨預(yù)載荷的增大而增大,且減少剛毛直徑,增加剛毛密度,增大剛毛長徑比有利于提高微圖形粘附力的提高；粘附表面的粗糙度和表面能影響微圖形的粘附特性,由于“機(jī)械互鎖”和有效作用面積等因素的存在,微圖形的粘附性為與表面粗糙度存在匹配關(guān)系,粘附力在匹配粗糙度存在最大值,隨后隨粗糙度改變而降低；微圖形在高表面能表面能夠表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的粘附力。微圖形的浸潤性研究結(jié)果表面,微圖形表面的剛毛結(jié)構(gòu)能夠提高表面的超疏水性,微圖形表面的浸潤模型滿足Cassie-Baxter模型,降低剛毛直徑和占空比fs有利于提高微圖形的疏水性,其中,微圖形P-8-20-20的水接觸角高達(dá)155.0°,滾動角為7.2°,表現(xiàn)出超疏水性。與壁虎腳掌類似,微圖形表現(xiàn)出了良好的自清潔性能,定量的自清潔測試實驗表明微圖形P-8-20-20的自清潔效率高達(dá)91.3%。(2)以銅網(wǎng)網(wǎng)膜為基底材料,采用肉豆蔻酸乙醇溶液浸泡反應(yīng)的方法成功制備了超疏水親油油水分離網(wǎng)膜,并研究了網(wǎng)膜的油水分離特性。探討了制備工藝參數(shù)和反應(yīng)條件對網(wǎng)膜表面微納結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)筑和浸潤性的影響,并制備了水接觸角達(dá)到156.7°,油接觸0°的超疏水親油網(wǎng)膜。X射線能量色散譜儀(EDS),傅里葉變換紅外光譜(FTIR)和X射線衍射(XRD)結(jié)果證明,網(wǎng)膜表面構(gòu)筑的微納結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué)成分為Cu[CH3(CH2)12COO]2。網(wǎng)膜表面結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,分別在pH 1.0～13.8的酸或堿溶液以及1MNaCl溶液中浸泡72 h后仍能保持較完整的微納結(jié)構(gòu)和超疏水親油浸潤特性。網(wǎng)膜對水和油的滲透壓強(qiáng)分為3.18 kPa和0 kPa,對柴油、正己烷、石油醚和1,2-二氯乙烷油水混合物的油水分離效率高達(dá)98%以上,表現(xiàn)出良好的油水分離特性；經(jīng)過100次的連續(xù)的分離測試后油水分離效率仍保持在97%以上,具有良好的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能穩(wěn)定性。(3)以銅網(wǎng)網(wǎng)膜為基底材料,制備了浸潤性可以在超疏水親油和水下超疏油親水之間快速轉(zhuǎn)變的油水分離網(wǎng)膜,并研究了網(wǎng)膜的油水分離特性。通過堿輔助的化學(xué)氧化的方法將銅網(wǎng)在2.5M NaOH,0.1 M K2S2O8溶液中室溫條件下氧化反應(yīng)20 min在網(wǎng)膜表面成功構(gòu)筑了CuO納米結(jié)構(gòu),依次對構(gòu)筑了CuO納米結(jié)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)膜進(jìn)行十八烷酸表面改性和熱氧化退火處理,可以實現(xiàn)并控制網(wǎng)膜浸潤性在超疏水親油和超疏油親水之間的快速轉(zhuǎn)化。采用0.02 M的十八烷酸處理5 min后網(wǎng)膜表現(xiàn)出超疏水親油特性,水接觸角為161.6°,滲透壓強(qiáng)達(dá)到1.2 kPa以上；繼續(xù)將網(wǎng)膜在330℃條件下退火熱氧化處理3 min,即可實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)膜浸潤性由超疏水親油向水下超疏油親水狀態(tài)的快速轉(zhuǎn)變,網(wǎng)膜對油的滲透壓強(qiáng)可達(dá)1.0 kPa,整個轉(zhuǎn)變過程僅需8min。EDS,FTIR, XRD的結(jié)果證明,在K2S208和NaOH溶液中構(gòu)筑的納米線結(jié)構(gòu)為CuO；經(jīng)十八烷酸表面改性后,在CuO納米線表面生成Cu[CH3(CH2)16COO]2;對超疏水親油狀態(tài)的網(wǎng)膜進(jìn)行退火氧化處理,網(wǎng)膜表面的Cu[CH3(CH2)16COO]2發(fā)生氧化分解,表面的CuO結(jié)構(gòu)重新暴露出來,從而實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)膜表面浸潤性由超疏水親油向超疏油親水的轉(zhuǎn)變。兩種浸潤性狀態(tài)下網(wǎng)膜對煤油、正己烷、石油醚和1,2-二氯乙烷的油水混合物的油水分離效率在97%以上,對植物油的油水分離效率在96%以上；水下超疏油親水浸潤狀態(tài)下網(wǎng)膜對高粘度及密度比水小的油類的分離效率優(yōu)于超疏水親油狀態(tài)的網(wǎng)膜,對密度比水大的油類分離效果則表現(xiàn)相反的趨勢。經(jīng)過20次連續(xù)的油水分離試驗后,網(wǎng)膜的油水分離效率基本沒有降低,具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和耐用性。本論文制備的三種特殊浸潤性材料表現(xiàn)出良好的結(jié)構(gòu)特性和功能特性,有望在干性粘附、自清潔和油水分離等領(lǐng)域得到應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:The special infiltrative material has a wide application prospect in daily life and industrial and agricultural production because of its special surface characteristics, and also aroused great interest and attention of the researchers. Based on the application prospect of special infiltrative materials, a super-hydrophobic micro-graph with dry adhesion and self-cleaning properties was prepared. The surface characteristics and functional properties of three kinds of special wettability materials are characterized and studied. The surface properties and functional properties of three kinds of special wettability materials are characterized and studied, and the application of the above materials is also explored. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) The super-hydrophobic micrographs of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, silicone rubber) with dry adhesion and self-cleaning properties are prepared, and the adhesion, infiltration and self-cleaning properties of the micrographs are characterized and studied. The adhesive properties of micrographs on different roughness and surface energy surface were studied. By means of the combination of dry etching and injection molding of the mould, the complete imitation gecko micrographs with the structure of the bristles are successfully prepared, and the mechanical research results of the micrographs show that the adhesion force of the micrographs is increased with the increase of the preload, the diameter of the bristles is reduced, the density of the bristles is increased, the increase of the length-to-diameter ratio of the bristles is beneficial to the improvement of the adhesion of the micro-graph, the roughness and the surface of the adhesive surface can influence the adhesion property of the micro-pattern, The adhesion force has a maximum value at the matching roughness and then decreases with the change of the roughness; the micro-pattern can exhibit a stronger adhesion force on the high surface energy surface. the surface of the infiltrative study of the micro-graph, the bristle structure of the micro-graphic surface can improve the super-hydrophobicity of the surface, the infiltration model of the micro-graphic surface can meet the Cassie-Baxter model, the diameter of the bristles and the duty ratio fs are reduced, and the hydrophobicity of the micro-graph is improved, The water contact angle of the micro-pattern P-8-20-20 was 155.0 擄, the rolling angle was 7.2 擄, and the super-hydrophobicity was exhibited. Similar to the sole of the gecko, the micrographs show good self-cleaning performance. The self-cleaning test shows that the self-cleaning efficiency of the micrographs P-8-20-20 is up to 91.3%. (2) The super-hydrophobic and oleophilic oil-water separation membrane was successfully prepared by using the copper net film as the base material, and the oil-water separation characteristic of the web was studied. The effect of preparation process parameters and reaction conditions on the structure and wettability of the micro-nano structure of the web surface was discussed, and the water contact angle reached 156.7 擄 and the oil contact was 0 擄. The X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) result show that the chemical composition of the micro-nano structure constructed by the surface of the web is Cu[CH3 (CH2) 12COO] 2. The surface of the omental surface is stable, and the complete micro-nano structure and the super-hydrophobic-oleophilic infiltration property can be maintained after being soaked for 72h in an acid or a base solution with a pH of 1.0 to 13.8 and a solution of 1 M NaCl, respectively. The osmotic pressure of the water and the oil is 3.18 kPa and 0 kPa, and the oil-water separation efficiency of the oil-water mixture of diesel, n-hexane, petroleum ether and 1,2-dichloroethane is up to more than 98%, and the oil-water separation characteristic is good; After 100 consecutive separation tests, the oil-water separation efficiency is still above 97%, and has good structural and functional stability. (3) The oil-water separation net film, which can change rapidly between super-hydrophobic and oleophilic and super-oleophobic and hydrophilic, is prepared by taking the copper net film as the base material, and the oil-water separation characteristic of the web is studied. The CuO nano-structure was successfully constructed on the surface of the web at room temperature in the solution of 2.5M NaOH and 0.1M K2S2O8 by the method of alkali-assisted chemical oxidation, and the surface modification of the octadecanoic acid and the thermal oxidation annealing treatment were carried out on the omentum which constructed the CuO nano-structure, The rapid transformation between the super-hydrophobic and oleophilic and super-oleophobic hydrophilic can be realized and controlled. taking the octadecane acid of 0.02M for 5 minutes, the omental film shows the super-hydrophobic and oleophilic property, the water contact angle of the water is 161.6 degrees, the osmotic pressure is strong to be more than 1.2 kPa, the net film is continuously annealed and thermally oxidized for 3 minutes under the condition of 330 DEG C, can realize the rapid transformation of the net film wettability from the super-hydrophobic and oleophilic to the underwater super-oleophobic hydrophilic state, the osmotic pressure of the net film to the oil can reach 1.0 kPa, the whole transformation process is only 8 minutes, and the results of the EDS, the FTIR and the XRD prove that the nanowire structure constructed in the K2S208 and the NaOH solution is CuO; after the surface of the octadecanoic acid is modified, Cu[CH3 (CH2) 16COO] 2 is generated on the surface of the CuO nano wire, So as to realize the transformation of the surface wettability of the omental surface from the super-hydrophobic and oleophilic to the super-oleophobic hydrophilic. the oil-water separation efficiency of the oil-water mixture of the net film on the kerosene, the n-hexane, the petroleum ether and the 1,2-dichloroethane is more than 97% under the two infiltrative states, and the oil-water separation efficiency on the vegetable oil is more than 96 percent; Under the condition of the hydrophilic infiltration of the super-oleophobic oil under water, the separation efficiency of the oil with high viscosity and density less than that of water is superior to that of the super-hydrophobic-lipophilic state, and the oil separation effect with higher density than water shows the opposite tendency. After 20 consecutive oil-water separation tests, the oil-water separation efficiency of the web was not reduced, and it had good stability and durability. The three kinds of special wettability materials prepared in this paper show good structural and functional properties, and are expected to be applied in the fields of dry adhesion, self-cleaning and oil-water separation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R318.08

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