發(fā)布時間：2019-04-10 12:41

【摘要】：增材制造(3D打印),興起于20世紀(jì)90年代,目前在汽車、建筑、醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。3D打印具有快速響應(yīng)、操作便捷、個性化定制等優(yōu)點(diǎn),并受到越來越多的關(guān)注。在過去的幾十年間,3D生物材料打印之路已經(jīng)從快速成型用于發(fā)展和研究的醫(yī)學(xué)輔助工具,走向了私人定制的醫(yī)學(xué)裝備。3D凝膠打印作為3D生物材料打印的一種,其原理是把生物材料按照一定的規(guī)律沉積形成3D實(shí)體。若將生物材料混合細(xì)胞,再利用3D打印技術(shù)制造成實(shí)體,后期經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步培養(yǎng)可得到具有生物活性的器官模型。因此,研究并改善凝膠打印工藝,實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)控形對3D打印在生物領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用具有重要意義。本文在分析海藻酸鈉凝膠的可打印性研究的基礎(chǔ)上,優(yōu)化了凝膠的打印參數(shù)和路徑,提高了打印精度。本文對賓漢流體的特性進(jìn)行了理論研究,并進(jìn)一步提出基于明膠支撐材料的擠出成型凝膠打印工藝。探索了明膠材料作為支撐的性能與制備方法,完善了凝膠在支撐中的打印工藝參數(shù)。另外,針對不同的影響因素,本文對凝膠的力學(xué)性能研究進(jìn)行了一系列對比實(shí)驗(yàn)探究。最后利用明膠支撐打印工藝打印實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)、空間結(jié)構(gòu)、分叉結(jié)構(gòu)和Y型結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)例,探索該工藝在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的潛在應(yīng)用。論文主要開展的工作如下:一、凝膠生物打印參數(shù)設(shè)置和打印工藝的探索。包括打印工藝平臺設(shè)計(jì)和打印參數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。合理設(shè)置在點(diǎn)、線、體凝膠結(jié)構(gòu)成型中的打印參數(shù)及路徑優(yōu)化,使凝膠結(jié)構(gòu)獲得較好的尺寸精度與整體度。最后通過細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證凝膠的生物兼容性及打印過程的無害性。二、分析賓漢流體的物理特性,通過建立賓漢流體在凝膠3D打印中的物理模型,探索其與打印參數(shù)的物理關(guān)系。從理論上分析支撐材料的打印性能。三、明膠支撐中的凝膠打印工藝探索及優(yōu)化。研究支撐材料的性能及配制工藝,優(yōu)化凝膠打印參數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)控形和復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的打印。其中,運(yùn)用理論分析凝膠材料在長噴頭中的壓力損失,解決噴頭長度與氣壓參數(shù)的選擇問題。四、利用基于明膠支撐的打印工藝打印不同類型結(jié)構(gòu),探索其在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的潛在應(yīng)用。打印3D人體肝臟結(jié)構(gòu)以驗(yàn)證此方法能打印整體性結(jié)構(gòu),打印空間線條結(jié)構(gòu)以驗(yàn)證此方法能打印多種材料結(jié)構(gòu),打印血管分叉結(jié)構(gòu)以驗(yàn)證此方法能控制材料在空間的精確沉積,打印Y型血管結(jié)構(gòu)以驗(yàn)證此方法能制造結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部流道。
[Abstract]:3D printing has been widely used in automotive, architectural, medical and other fields at present. 3D printing has the advantages of rapid response, convenient operation, personalized customization and so on, and it has been widely used in the field of automobile, architecture, medical treatment and so on, and it has the advantages of rapid response, convenient operation and customization. And received more and more attention. Over the past few decades, 3D biomaterial printing has moved from a rapid prototyping medical aid tool for development and research to private medical equipment. 3D gel printing is one of 3D biomaterials printing. Its principle is to deposit biomaterials according to certain laws to form 3D solid. If the biomaterial was mixed with cells and then made into solid by 3D printing technology, the biological organ model could be obtained by further culturing at the later stage. Therefore, the study and improvement of gel printing technology and the realization of accurate shape control are of great significance to the application of 3D printing in biology field. On the basis of analyzing the printability of sodium alginate gel, the printing parameters and paths of the gel were optimized and the printing precision was improved. In this paper, the properties of Bingham fluid are studied theoretically, and the gel printing process based on gelatin supporting material is further proposed. The properties and preparation methods of gelatin as support were explored, and the printing parameters of gel in support were improved. In addition, a series of contrastive experiments were carried out to study the mechanical properties of gel according to different influencing factors. Finally, the solid structure, spatial structure, bifurcation structure and Y-type structure of gelatin-supported printing process are used to explore the potential application of this technology in medical field. The main work carried out in this paper is as follows: first, the setting of biologic printing parameters and the exploration of printing technology. Including printing process platform design and printing parameters experiment. The printing parameters and the path optimization of the gel structure are reasonably set in the point, line and volume gel forming, so that the gel structure can obtain a better dimensional accuracy and integrity. Finally, the biocompatibility of the gel and the innocuity of the printing process were verified by cell experiment. Secondly, the physical properties of Bingham fluid are analyzed, and the physical model of Bingham fluid in gel 3D printing is established, and the physical relationship between Bingham fluid and printing parameters is explored. The printing properties of supporting materials are analyzed theoretically. Thirdly, the research and optimization of gel printing technology in gelatin support. The properties and preparation technology of supporting materials were studied, and the printing parameters of gel were optimized to achieve accurate shape control and complex structure printing. The pressure loss of gel material in long nozzle is analyzed theoretically, and the selection of nozzle length and pressure parameter is solved. Fourth, using gelatin-supported printing process to print different types of structures, to explore its potential applications in the field of medicine. Print 3D human liver structure to verify that this method can print holistic structure, print spatial line structure to verify that this method can print a variety of material structures, print vascular bifurcation structure to verify that this method can control the accurate deposition of materials in space. Print the Y-type vascular structure to verify that this method can make the internal passage of the structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R318.08;TP391.73

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