【摘要】：理想的人工骨植入物,不僅要求外形與患者的骨缺損部位相符合,還應(yīng)具有良好的力學(xué)性能及合適的生物仿生結(jié)構(gòu)。采用傳統(tǒng)加工方法制備人工骨植入物存在耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)、內(nèi)部孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)加工困難、無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足患者個(gè)性化需求等問(wèn)題。利用3D打印技術(shù)制備人工骨植入物,不僅有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的人工骨植入物快速成型,同時(shí)能夠精確控制孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)、尺寸及分布,有利于促進(jìn)骨細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),加快骨修復(fù)過(guò)程。本課題針對(duì)目前骨修復(fù)過(guò)程中,存在修復(fù)植入體結(jié)構(gòu)單一、多孔仿生結(jié)構(gòu)難以加工等問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)多孔結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行力學(xué)仿真分析以及對(duì)三維印刷(Three Dimensional Printing, 3DP)打印工藝的研究,提出一種改進(jìn)的生物陶瓷多孔骨單元三維打印成型系統(tǒng),主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:選取兔骨小梁缺損部位為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其進(jìn)行圖像分割、特征提取,建立骨小梁缺損部位的三維模型。在獲取骨小梁缺損部位外輪廓的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)植入環(huán)境中骨單元的生物力學(xué)性能要求進(jìn)行分析,構(gòu)建包括“疏松”型、“密質(zhì)”型、“雙層”型和“三層”型在內(nèi)的四種多孔骨單元內(nèi)部三維空間構(gòu)架。再利用布爾運(yùn)算,建立多孔骨植入物的三維模型。最后,利用有限元分析軟件,研究上述多孔骨單元結(jié)構(gòu)特征對(duì)其生物力學(xué)性能的影響規(guī)律。有限元分析結(jié)果表明“三層”型結(jié)構(gòu)不僅構(gòu)造與人體骨骼更為相似,力學(xué)性能也更加優(yōu)越。其次,研究了一種改進(jìn)的基于3DP工藝的多孔生物陶瓷快速成型方法,并搭建面向骨修復(fù)的3DP快速成型實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),完成機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)及軟件設(shè)計(jì)等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,完成多孔骨單元植入物制備并通過(guò)相應(yīng)性能測(cè)試,探討骨單元植入物成型過(guò)程中系統(tǒng)參量、模型結(jié)構(gòu)以及燒結(jié)工藝對(duì)成型骨單元微觀外貌和力學(xué)性能的影響規(guī)律。此研究?jī)?nèi)容可以為基于3DP工藝的高質(zhì)量仿生骨骼打印制造的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供理論依據(jù),對(duì)人工骨骼臨床修復(fù)有重要的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)意義。
[Abstract]:The ideal artificial bone implants should not only match the shape of bone defect, but also have good mechanical properties and bionic structure. The traditional method of manufacturing artificial bone implants has some problems such as long time consuming, difficult to process internal pore structure, and unable to meet the individual needs of patients. Using 3D printing technology to fabricate artificial bone implants is not only conducive to the rapid prototyping of artificial bone implants with complex structures, but also can accurately control the pore structure, size and distribution, promote the growth of bone cells and speed up the process of bone repair. In order to solve the problems of single implant structure and difficult machining of porous bionic structure in the process of bone repair at present, the mechanical simulation analysis of porous structure and the printing process of 3D printing (Three Dimensional Printing, 3DP are carried out. An improved three dimensional printing system for bioceramic porous bone unit is proposed. The main research contents are as follows: the rabbit trabecular defect is selected as the object of study, and the image segmentation and feature extraction are carried out. A three-dimensional model of bone trabecular defect was established. On the basis of obtaining the external contour of the bone trabecular defect, the biomechanical properties of the bone unit in the implanted environment were analyzed, and the types of "loose" and "dense" were constructed. Four types of porous bone units, including double-layer and three-layer, have three-dimensional structures. Then the three-dimensional model of porous bone implants was established by Boolean operation. Finally, the effects of the structural characteristics of the porous bone elements on the biomechanical properties of the porous bone units are studied by using the finite element analysis software. The results of finite element analysis show that the "three-layer" structure is not only more similar to the human skeleton, but also more superior in mechanical properties. Secondly, an improved rapid prototyping method of porous bioceramics based on 3DP process is studied, and the experimental platform of 3DP rapid prototyping for bone repair is built to complete the mechanical structure, motion control system and software design. On this basis, the porous bone unit implants were prepared and their properties were tested. The effects of system parameters, model structure and sintering process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bone unit implants were discussed. This research can provide theoretical basis for the realization of high quality bionic bone printing based on 3DP process, and has important theoretical and experimental significance for the clinical restoration of artificial bone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R318.08;TP391.73

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