【摘要】：理想的人工骨植入物,不僅要求外形與患者的骨缺損部位相符合,還應具有良好的力學性能及合適的生物仿生結構。采用傳統(tǒng)加工方法制備人工骨植入物存在耗時長、內部孔隙結構加工困難、無法滿足患者個性化需求等問題。利用3D打印技術制備人工骨植入物,不僅有利于實現(xiàn)復雜結構的人工骨植入物快速成型,同時能夠精確控制孔隙結構、尺寸及分布,有利于促進骨細胞生長,加快骨修復過程。本課題針對目前骨修復過程中,存在修復植入體結構單一、多孔仿生結構難以加工等問題,通過對多孔結構進行力學仿真分析以及對三維印刷(Three Dimensional Printing, 3DP)打印工藝的研究,提出一種改進的生物陶瓷多孔骨單元三維打印成型系統(tǒng),主要研究內容如下:選取兔骨小梁缺損部位為研究對象,對其進行圖像分割、特征提取,建立骨小梁缺損部位的三維模型。在獲取骨小梁缺損部位外輪廓的基礎上,通過對植入環(huán)境中骨單元的生物力學性能要求進行分析,構建包括“疏松”型、“密質”型、“雙層”型和“三層”型在內的四種多孔骨單元內部三維空間構架。再利用布爾運算,建立多孔骨植入物的三維模型。最后,利用有限元分析軟件,研究上述多孔骨單元結構特征對其生物力學性能的影響規(guī)律。有限元分析結果表明“三層”型結構不僅構造與人體骨骼更為相似,力學性能也更加優(yōu)越。其次,研究了一種改進的基于3DP工藝的多孔生物陶瓷快速成型方法,并搭建面向骨修復的3DP快速成型實驗平臺,完成機械結構、運動控制系統(tǒng)及軟件設計等。在此基礎上,完成多孔骨單元植入物制備并通過相應性能測試,探討骨單元植入物成型過程中系統(tǒng)參量、模型結構以及燒結工藝對成型骨單元微觀外貌和力學性能的影響規(guī)律。此研究內容可以為基于3DP工藝的高質量仿生骨骼打印制造的實現(xiàn)提供理論依據(jù),對人工骨骼臨床修復有重要的理論和實驗意義。
[Abstract]:The ideal artificial bone implants should not only match the shape of bone defect, but also have good mechanical properties and bionic structure. The traditional method of manufacturing artificial bone implants has some problems such as long time consuming, difficult to process internal pore structure, and unable to meet the individual needs of patients. Using 3D printing technology to fabricate artificial bone implants is not only conducive to the rapid prototyping of artificial bone implants with complex structures, but also can accurately control the pore structure, size and distribution, promote the growth of bone cells and speed up the process of bone repair. In order to solve the problems of single implant structure and difficult machining of porous bionic structure in the process of bone repair at present, the mechanical simulation analysis of porous structure and the printing process of 3D printing (Three Dimensional Printing, 3DP are carried out. An improved three dimensional printing system for bioceramic porous bone unit is proposed. The main research contents are as follows: the rabbit trabecular defect is selected as the object of study, and the image segmentation and feature extraction are carried out. A three-dimensional model of bone trabecular defect was established. On the basis of obtaining the external contour of the bone trabecular defect, the biomechanical properties of the bone unit in the implanted environment were analyzed, and the types of "loose" and "dense" were constructed. Four types of porous bone units, including double-layer and three-layer, have three-dimensional structures. Then the three-dimensional model of porous bone implants was established by Boolean operation. Finally, the effects of the structural characteristics of the porous bone elements on the biomechanical properties of the porous bone units are studied by using the finite element analysis software. The results of finite element analysis show that the "three-layer" structure is not only more similar to the human skeleton, but also more superior in mechanical properties. Secondly, an improved rapid prototyping method of porous bioceramics based on 3DP process is studied, and the experimental platform of 3DP rapid prototyping for bone repair is built to complete the mechanical structure, motion control system and software design. On this basis, the porous bone unit implants were prepared and their properties were tested. The effects of system parameters, model structure and sintering process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bone unit implants were discussed. This research can provide theoretical basis for the realization of high quality bionic bone printing based on 3DP process, and has important theoretical and experimental significance for the clinical restoration of artificial bone.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R318.08;TP391.73

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