【摘要】：心血管疾病是臨床常見的三大疾病之一，嚴重威脅著人類健康。在全世界每年導致上千萬的患者死亡，在我國，每年也有幾十萬人死于心臟疾病。因此，運用心電監(jiān)護系統(tǒng)來監(jiān)測和診斷心血管疾病具有十分重要的意義。通常醫(yī)院使用的心電圖機可以獲得短時間的心電圖（Electrocardiogram,ECG），診斷已成為常態(tài)的心臟疾病。然而心臟疾病具有隱蔽性和偶發(fā)性的特點，，平常工作生活時沒有征兆，當發(fā)病到醫(yī)院檢查時癥狀可能又消失了。這導致了醫(yī)生無法及時檢測到異常心電圖，延誤了病情的診斷和治療。同時，傳統(tǒng)的心電監(jiān)護儀體積大、功耗高、且價格昂貴，也限制了其使用和推廣。近年來，隨著生物醫(yī)學技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，心電監(jiān)護系統(tǒng)的研究也取得了很大的進步。 本課題設計的基于MCU（Micro Control Unit，微控制單元）的心電監(jiān)護系統(tǒng)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)ECG信號的采集、處理、存儲以及在PC機顯示測量結(jié)果等功能。主要需完成硬件電路的設計與實現(xiàn)和軟件程序的編寫這兩項工作。硬件電路設計包括模擬電路設計和數(shù)字電路設計兩大部分。首先要了解心電信號的基本原理和特征，以便確定系統(tǒng)的設計標準。模擬電路主要實現(xiàn)ECG采集處理功能，由前置放大電路、右腿驅(qū)動電路、帶通濾波電路、后級放大電路和50Hz陷波電路等組成，通過電路的仿真驗證了ECG采集處理的可行性；數(shù)字電路主要實現(xiàn)單片機控制功能，由C8051F320單片機、SD卡和USB接口通訊電路等組成。軟件程序編寫包括單片機端軟件設計和PC機端軟件設計。單片機通過軟件編程將ECG模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號、向SD卡存儲數(shù)據(jù)及與PC機進行USB通信；PC機應用LabVIEW軟件實現(xiàn)虛擬儀器的顯示及控制功能，并借助USBXPress開發(fā)套件實現(xiàn)與單片機的USB通信。 本課題對以上各項工作進行了認真的研究。設計并制作了心電監(jiān)護系統(tǒng)的硬件電路，通過仿真和實驗，驗證了系統(tǒng)的可行性，實現(xiàn)了ECG信號的實時采集、處理和傳輸；LabVIEW軟件提供了良好的人機交互界面，可以觀察ECG信號和設置用戶信息。本系統(tǒng)體積小、價格低、操作方便，基本達到了預期設計要求。通過對系統(tǒng)的進一步研究和完善，相信可以滿足人們心電監(jiān)護的需要，使其成為具有重要的經(jīng)濟價值和社會意義的醫(yī)療儀器。
[Abstract]:Cardiovascular disease is one of the three common diseases in clinic, which is a serious threat to human health. In the world every year, tens of millions of patients die, in our country, hundreds of thousands of people die of heart disease every year. Therefore, the use of ECG monitoring system to monitor and diagnose cardiovascular disease has a very important significance. Electrocardiograph machines used in hospitals usually obtain short-term electrocardiograms (Electrocardiogram,ECG) for diagnosis of heart diseases that have become the norm. However, heart disease has the characteristics of concealment and chance, there is no sign of normal working life, and the symptoms may disappear when the disease comes to the hospital. This results in doctors unable to detect abnormal ECG in time, delaying the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. At the same time, the traditional ECG monitor is large in size, high in power consumption and expensive in price, which limits its use and popularization. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical technology, electronic technology, communication technology and computer technology, the research of ECG monitoring system has made great progress. The ECG monitoring system based on MCU (Micro Control Unit, micro-control unit designed in this paper can realize the functions of ECG signal acquisition, processing, storage and display of measurement results on PC machine. It is necessary to design and implement the hardware circuit and write the software program. Hardware circuit design includes analog circuit design and digital circuit design. First of all, we should understand the basic principles and characteristics of ECG in order to determine the design criteria of the system. The analog circuit mainly realizes the function of ECG acquisition and processing, which is composed of preamplifier circuit, right leg driving circuit, bandpass filter circuit, rear stage amplifier circuit and 50Hz notch circuit. The feasibility of ECG acquisition and processing is verified by the simulation of the circuit. The digital circuit is composed of C8051F320 MCU, SD card and USB interface communication circuit. Software programming includes single-chip software design and PC software design. Single chip computer converts ECG analog signal into digital signal through software programming, stores data to SD card and communicates with PC computer. PC computer uses LabVIEW software to realize the display and control function of virtual instrument, and realizes the communication with the USB of single chip microcomputer with the help of USBXPress development kit. This subject has carried on the earnest research to the above each work. The hardware circuit of ECG monitoring system is designed and made. The feasibility of the system is verified by simulation and experiment, and the real-time acquisition, processing and transmission of ECG signal are realized. LabVIEW software provides a good man-machine interface, can observe ECG signals and set user information. The system is small, low price, easy to operate, basically up to the expected design requirements. Through further research and improvement of the system, it is believed that it can meet the needs of ECG monitoring and make it a medical instrument with important economic value and social significance.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH772.2

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