激光拉曼光譜對血糖含量的分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-17 18:43
【摘要】：血糖就是血液中的糖,它在血液中是以葡萄糖的形式存在的。生命體內(nèi)各組織細(xì)胞活動隨時都需要能量,葡萄糖就是這些能量的供應(yīng)者,有了能量的正常供應(yīng),生物體的各個組織系統(tǒng)才能健康的運作。所以為了保證生物體內(nèi)各個器官和組織的能量需要,生物體內(nèi)血糖必須保持在一定的正常水平。那么當(dāng)血糖達(dá)到什么水平算是正常呢?健康的人早晨的空腹血糖濃度應(yīng)該在80-120mg%,當(dāng)空腹血糖濃度低于70mg%我們稱之為低血糖,如果空腹時血糖濃度高130mg%,那么這就是高血糖,當(dāng)空腹血糖濃度超過160-180mg%時,就會有一部分葡萄糖伴隨著尿液排出體外,這就是我們常稱的糖尿。如果饑餓時間過長或者是持續(xù)劇烈體力活動后,低血糖患者的腦組織首先會對低血糖出現(xiàn)頭暈、心悸、出冷汗以及饑餓感等反應(yīng),如果血糖持續(xù)下降到血糖濃度低于45mg%時,就會發(fā)生低血糖昏迷的危險現(xiàn)象；一次性或短時間的高血糖對人體沒有什么嚴(yán)重的損害,情緒激動、高度緊張或在生物應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下可能會出現(xiàn)短暫的高血糖情況,而某一次進食大量的糖類也會引起短暫的高血糖,隨后,血糖就慢慢恢復(fù)了正常水平,但是長期的高血糖對人體的危害還是很嚴(yán)重的,它會使生物體全身的各個組織和器官發(fā)生病變,例如胰腺功能衰竭、抵抗力下降、腎功能受損等等急慢性并發(fā)癥；糖尿病的患病率特別高,對人生命的危害也是非常嚴(yán)重的,輕者會導(dǎo)致人體某個機能出現(xiàn)問題,重者則有可能致命。糖尿病是一種常見的內(nèi)分泌代謝性疾病,它是由于生物體內(nèi)胰島素分泌的缺陷或者由于胰島素作用的缺陷引起的持續(xù)高血糖為特征的慢性全身代謝疾病。它會帶來一些急性慢性并發(fā)癥,如乳酸性酸中毒,糖尿病酮癥酸中毒、糖尿病高滲綜合癥、微血管并發(fā)癥以及大血管并發(fā)癥等等。盡管這些病對我們來說非�？植�,目前也沒有徹底醫(yī)治的辦法,但是我們也不能束手待斃,如果我們能夠早期發(fā)現(xiàn)或者采取有效的治療措施,則完全可以達(dá)到控制病情、增壽延年的目標(biāo),因此血糖的監(jiān)測對于那些糖尿病和低血糖的患者來說非常重要,通過血糖監(jiān)測,他們可以掌握自己體內(nèi)的血糖含量變化,并且通過血糖監(jiān)測所得數(shù)據(jù)對他們的飲食、生活規(guī)律以及合理用藥都有指導(dǎo)意義。當(dāng)血糖含量不正常時,患者也能夠及時發(fā)現(xiàn)到醫(yī)院就醫(yī)治療,以避免進一步嚴(yán)重的狀況發(fā)生。血糖監(jiān)測還可以用來反映治療的效果,為治療方案的調(diào)整,改善治療狀況提供數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。 但是,目前血糖的測量方法都是有創(chuàng)或微創(chuàng)的,對于正在接受胰島素治療的糖尿病患者來說,每天需要4-7次的血糖檢測,而對于低血糖患者和其它有關(guān)血糖的并發(fā)癥者也同樣需要頻繁的檢測血糖來了解體內(nèi)血糖的含量,如此頻繁的血糖監(jiān)測,對患者造成了身體的疼痛和心靈上的傷害。本文我們探索一種無創(chuàng)的測量血糖含量的方法,為進一步探索臨床無創(chuàng)血糖監(jiān)測方法奠定基礎(chǔ)。 拉曼光譜源于分子的振動和轉(zhuǎn)動能級躍遷,屬于分子振動-轉(zhuǎn)動光譜,因此可以獲得物質(zhì)分子結(jié)構(gòu)的直接信息,對物質(zhì)進行定性分析；試樣可通過光纖探頭或通過玻璃、石英、藍(lán)寶石窗和光纖直接進行無損測量；拉曼光譜法分辨率高,重現(xiàn)性好,簡單快速,并且由于水的拉曼散射極弱,所以拉曼散射法特別適合水體系的研究,尤其是對生物試樣和無機物的研究；拉曼光譜譜峰清晰尖銳,峰強度與所測物質(zhì)活性成分的濃度成正比,據(jù)此,可以利用拉曼光譜對生物體的某些成分進行定量分析。 本文探索一種利用拉曼系統(tǒng)無創(chuàng)的測量血糖的含量的方法,我們首先做了一個體外驗證性試驗,即拉曼光譜對體外血糖含量的分析。以小白鼠為實驗?zāi)Ｐ?獲取小白鼠在注射葡萄糖后不同時間階段體外血液的拉曼光譜并且探索一種新的數(shù)據(jù)分析方法,對體外血液光譜的血糖拉曼峰1125cm-1進行分析,結(jié)果表明,1125cm-1/1549cm-1的變化對應(yīng)于血糖的變化,它們之間的線性度達(dá)到0.94,這個結(jié)果表明了拉曼光譜技術(shù)可以對體外血液的血糖含量進行分析。之后,我們利用拉曼系統(tǒng)測量活體小鼠體內(nèi)的血糖含量,系統(tǒng)的獲取了活體小白鼠在注射葡萄糖后不同時間階段的血液拉曼光譜,對血液光譜1125cm-’的血糖拉曼峰進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)1125cm-1/1549cm-1的變化同樣可以很好的與血糖變化相對應(yīng),并且它們之間的線性關(guān)系達(dá)到了0.98,比體外實驗的線性度高,這個原因可能是由于體內(nèi)實驗沒有改變血液周圍的生理環(huán)境,進而得到的生命信息也是最接近自然狀態(tài)最準(zhǔn)確的。文章中的實驗表明,拉曼技術(shù)可以在無創(chuàng)的條件下分析血糖的含量,這為我們下一步探究臨床無創(chuàng)測量血糖方法奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Glucose is the sugar in the blood. It exists in the blood in the form of glucose. The activities of tissues and cells in the body need energy at any time. Glucose is the supplier of these energy. With the normal supply of energy, the tissues and systems of the organism can operate healthily. So in order to ensure the various organs and systems of the organism. When blood glucose levels are normal, healthy people should have a fasting blood glucose level of 80-120 mg in the morning, when the fasting blood glucose level is below 70 mg%, we call it hypoglycemia, if the fasting blood glucose level is 130 mg high, then this is hyperglycemia. Sugar, when fasting blood glucose levels exceed 160-180 mg%, a portion of glucose is excreted from the body with urine, which is often referred to as glycosuria. The risk of hypoglycemic coma occurs when fructose glucose continues to fall below 45 mg% of the blood glucose level; one-off or short-term hyperglycemia does not cause serious damage to the body; emotional agitation, high stress or short-term hyperglycemia may occur in a state of biological stress, and a large number of carbohydrates may be consumed at one time. It causes short-term hyperglycemia and then slowly returns to normal levels, but long-term hyperglycemia is still a serious threat to the human body. It can cause pathological changes in various tissues and organs of the body, such as pancreatic failure, decreased resistance, impaired renal function and other acute and chronic complications; the prevalence of diabetes is particularly high. Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency in insulin secretion in the body or a persistent hyperglycemia caused by a deficiency in insulin action. Systemic metabolic disorders. They can cause acute and chronic complications, such as lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome, microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, and so on. Although these diseases are terrible to us, there is no thorough cure for them, we can't wait for them, such as If we can detect or take effective treatment early, we can achieve the goal of controlling the disease and prolonging life span, so blood glucose monitoring is very important for those with diabetes and hypoglycemia, through blood glucose monitoring, they can control their own blood glucose content changes, and through blood glucose monitoring Institute When blood glucose levels are abnormal, patients can also be found in time to seek medical treatment in hospitals to avoid further serious conditions. Blood glucose monitoring can also be used to reflect the effect of treatment, to provide data for the adjustment of treatment regimens and to improve treatment conditions. Basis.
However, current blood glucose measurement methods are invasive or minimally invasive. For diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy, blood glucose tests are required four to seven times a day. For hypoglycemic patients and other complications related to blood glucose, blood glucose levels in the body need to be measured frequently, so frequently. In this paper, we explore a non-invasive method to measure blood glucose content, which lays a foundation for further exploration of clinical non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods.
Raman spectroscopy originates from the vibrational and rotational energy level transition of molecules, and belongs to the vibrational-rotational spectroscopy of molecules. Therefore, direct information about the molecular structure of substances can be obtained and qualitative analysis of substances can be carried out. Raman scattering method is especially suitable for the study of water system, especially for biological samples and inorganic substances because of its good present, simple and fast, and the intensity of Raman spectra is directly proportional to the concentration of the active components of the substances, so it can be used to study some organisms by Raman spectroscopy. Components were quantitatively analyzed.
In this paper, a non-invasive method of measuring blood glucose by Raman spectroscopy has been developed. First, a validation experiment in vitro, i.e. Raman spectroscopy, has been done to analyze the blood glucose content in vitro. Data analysis method, blood glucose Raman spectroscopy in vitro 1125 cm-1 analysis, the results showed that 1125 cm-1/1549 cm-1 changes correspond to the changes in blood glucose, the linearity between them reached 0.94, the results show that Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze blood glucose content in vitro. After that, we use the Raman system. Blood Raman spectra of living mice at different stages after glucose injection were obtained. Blood Raman spectra of 1125 cm-'were analyzed. It was found that the changes of 1125 cm-1/1549 cm-1 could also well correspond to the changes of blood glucose and the linearity between them was good. The relationship is 0.98, which is more linear than that in vitro. This may be due to the fact that in vivo experiments do not change the physiological environment around the blood, and the resulting life information is the closest to the natural state and the most accurate. One step is to lay a theoretical foundation for clinical non-invasive measurement of blood glucose.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R318.51;O433.4
[Abstract]:Glucose is the sugar in the blood. It exists in the blood in the form of glucose. The activities of tissues and cells in the body need energy at any time. Glucose is the supplier of these energy. With the normal supply of energy, the tissues and systems of the organism can operate healthily. So in order to ensure the various organs and systems of the organism. When blood glucose levels are normal, healthy people should have a fasting blood glucose level of 80-120 mg in the morning, when the fasting blood glucose level is below 70 mg%, we call it hypoglycemia, if the fasting blood glucose level is 130 mg high, then this is hyperglycemia. Sugar, when fasting blood glucose levels exceed 160-180 mg%, a portion of glucose is excreted from the body with urine, which is often referred to as glycosuria. The risk of hypoglycemic coma occurs when fructose glucose continues to fall below 45 mg% of the blood glucose level; one-off or short-term hyperglycemia does not cause serious damage to the body; emotional agitation, high stress or short-term hyperglycemia may occur in a state of biological stress, and a large number of carbohydrates may be consumed at one time. It causes short-term hyperglycemia and then slowly returns to normal levels, but long-term hyperglycemia is still a serious threat to the human body. It can cause pathological changes in various tissues and organs of the body, such as pancreatic failure, decreased resistance, impaired renal function and other acute and chronic complications; the prevalence of diabetes is particularly high. Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency in insulin secretion in the body or a persistent hyperglycemia caused by a deficiency in insulin action. Systemic metabolic disorders. They can cause acute and chronic complications, such as lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome, microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, and so on. Although these diseases are terrible to us, there is no thorough cure for them, we can't wait for them, such as If we can detect or take effective treatment early, we can achieve the goal of controlling the disease and prolonging life span, so blood glucose monitoring is very important for those with diabetes and hypoglycemia, through blood glucose monitoring, they can control their own blood glucose content changes, and through blood glucose monitoring Institute When blood glucose levels are abnormal, patients can also be found in time to seek medical treatment in hospitals to avoid further serious conditions. Blood glucose monitoring can also be used to reflect the effect of treatment, to provide data for the adjustment of treatment regimens and to improve treatment conditions. Basis.
However, current blood glucose measurement methods are invasive or minimally invasive. For diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy, blood glucose tests are required four to seven times a day. For hypoglycemic patients and other complications related to blood glucose, blood glucose levels in the body need to be measured frequently, so frequently. In this paper, we explore a non-invasive method to measure blood glucose content, which lays a foundation for further exploration of clinical non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods.
Raman spectroscopy originates from the vibrational and rotational energy level transition of molecules, and belongs to the vibrational-rotational spectroscopy of molecules. Therefore, direct information about the molecular structure of substances can be obtained and qualitative analysis of substances can be carried out. Raman scattering method is especially suitable for the study of water system, especially for biological samples and inorganic substances because of its good present, simple and fast, and the intensity of Raman spectra is directly proportional to the concentration of the active components of the substances, so it can be used to study some organisms by Raman spectroscopy. Components were quantitatively analyzed.
In this paper, a non-invasive method of measuring blood glucose by Raman spectroscopy has been developed. First, a validation experiment in vitro, i.e. Raman spectroscopy, has been done to analyze the blood glucose content in vitro. Data analysis method, blood glucose Raman spectroscopy in vitro 1125 cm-1 analysis, the results showed that 1125 cm-1/1549 cm-1 changes correspond to the changes in blood glucose, the linearity between them reached 0.94, the results show that Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze blood glucose content in vitro. After that, we use the Raman system. Blood Raman spectra of living mice at different stages after glucose injection were obtained. Blood Raman spectra of 1125 cm-'were analyzed. It was found that the changes of 1125 cm-1/1549 cm-1 could also well correspond to the changes of blood glucose and the linearity between them was good. The relationship is 0.98, which is more linear than that in vitro. This may be due to the fact that in vivo experiments do not change the physiological environment around the blood, and the resulting life information is the closest to the natural state and the most accurate. One step is to lay a theoretical foundation for clinical non-invasive measurement of blood glucose.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R318.51;O433.4
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