【摘要】：組織工程,又叫再生醫(yī)學(xué),通常指利用生物活性物質(zhì),通過體外培養(yǎng)或構(gòu)建的方式,再造或者修復(fù)組織及器官的技術(shù)。隨著相關(guān)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,組織工程學(xué)已經(jīng)由最初的無細(xì)胞單一生物材料構(gòu)建向更復(fù)雜更真實的多細(xì)胞微環(huán)境構(gòu)建發(fā)展。生物3D打印作為最重要的組織工程體外構(gòu)造技術(shù),在打印精度、可控性和打印體中細(xì)胞成活率控制方面亟需獲得更大的突破。本文以壓電噴射3D打印在組織工程中的應(yīng)用為研究目的,分析了不同壓電陶瓷驅(qū)動器的振動模式,選用陶瓷-銅片復(fù)合式元件作為膜片式壓電噴頭的驅(qū)動器,噴頭內(nèi)腔采用優(yōu)化改進(jìn)設(shè)計的圓錐形截面;剖析傳統(tǒng)管式壓電噴頭的結(jié)構(gòu)并分析其流體噴射過程中的能量損失和無法噴射高粘度材料的原因,并給出了優(yōu)化改進(jìn)型的管式壓電噴頭設(shè)計方案和器件選型。兩種噴頭均采用易拆裝獨立封裝式玻璃噴嘴。設(shè)計制作熱拔式玻璃噴嘴拉制儀。噴頭背壓系統(tǒng)選用正向壓力控制。使用低幀率CCD相機(jī),搭建高速微液滴檢測系統(tǒng)。對壓電噴射時流體材料的噴出過程和噴頭驅(qū)動參數(shù)進(jìn)行試驗研究。利用壓電噴頭試驗了多種粘度值的材料,建立最低驅(qū)動電壓與粘度值之間的關(guān)系曲線�？偨Y(jié)了噴射試驗過程中衛(wèi)星滴現(xiàn)象和斜射流現(xiàn)象,并研究了兩種異�，F(xiàn)象與驅(qū)動參數(shù)的選擇和噴嘴孔徑輪廓形狀的規(guī)整度之間的關(guān)系。選用膜片式壓電噴頭,噴射濃度為0.5%的海藻酸鈉,研究了一定范圍內(nèi)驅(qū)動信號的脈沖幅值、脈沖寬度和脈沖頻率對壓電噴射時的微液滴小球的直徑和速度的影響。分析海藻酸鈉的固化機(jī)理,對不同濃度值的材料進(jìn)行試驗研究并分析微液滴的固化后形態(tài),以坍塌程度為評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對材料濃度進(jìn)行正交試驗并得出最優(yōu)濃度方案。定性分析并給出了降低模型打印坍塌程度的固化打印方案。依據(jù)正交試驗的結(jié)論和打印方案,利用管式壓電噴頭進(jìn)行生物模型3D結(jié)構(gòu)打印,獲得了結(jié)構(gòu)完整,尺寸較準(zhǔn)確,坍塌程度較低的生物模型三維結(jié)構(gòu)。驗證了正交試驗結(jié)論的準(zhǔn)確可行性和壓電噴頭生物打印的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Tissue engineering, also known as regenerative medicine, usually refers to the technology of reconstructing or repairing tissues and organs by using bioactive substances through in vitro culture or construction. With the development of related technology, tissue engineering has been developed from the original cell-free single biomaterial construction to the more complex and realistic multicellular microenvironment construction. As the most important technology of tissue engineering in vitro, biological 3D printing is in need of more breakthrough in printing accuracy, controllability and cell survival rate control in print body. In order to study the application of piezoelectric spray 3D printing in tissue engineering, the vibration modes of different piezoelectric ceramic actuators are analyzed in this paper. The ceramic / copper composite elements are selected as the actuator of diaphragm piezoelectric sprinklers. The conical section of the nozzle cavity is optimized and improved, the structure of the traditional tubular piezoelectric sprinkler is analyzed, and the energy loss during the injection process and the reason why the high viscosity material can not be sprayed are analyzed. The design scheme and device selection of the optimized and improved tubular piezoelectric sprinkler are also given. The two kinds of nozzle are easy to disassemble and package glass nozzles. Design and manufacture hot-drawn glass nozzle drawing instrument. The back pressure system of nozzle is controlled by forward pressure. A high-speed micro-droplet detection system is built with low frame rate CCD camera. The ejection process and nozzle driving parameters of piezoelectric injection were studied experimentally. The materials with various viscosity values were tested by piezoelectric sprinkler, and the relation curve between the lowest driving voltage and viscosity value was established. The phenomena of satellite droplet and oblique jet flow in jet test are summarized. The relationship between the two abnormal phenomena and the selection of driving parameters and the regularity of nozzle aperture profile is studied. The effects of pulse amplitude, pulse width and pulse frequency of driving signal on the diameter and velocity of microdroplet pellets during piezoelectric injection were studied by using a diaphragm piezoelectric nozzle with 0.5% sodium alginate concentration. The solidification mechanism of sodium alginate was analyzed, and the solidified morphology of microdroplets was studied by experiments on materials with different concentrations. The concentration of the materials was tested by orthogonal test and the optimal concentration scheme was obtained according to the degree of collapse as the evaluation standard. The curing printing scheme to reduce the collapse degree of model printing is analyzed qualitatively. According to the conclusion of orthogonal experiment and printing scheme, the 3D structure of biological model was printed with tubular piezoelectric sprinkler. The 3D structure of biological model with complete structure, accurate size and low collapse degree was obtained. The accuracy and feasibility of the results of the orthogonal test and the reliability of the biological printing of the piezoelectric sprinkler are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R318.08

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