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聚焦超聲用于豬皮下脂肪減脂有效性的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-09-13 07:26
【摘要】:研究背景 從上個(gè)世紀(jì)末,超聲治療技術(shù)開(kāi)始在國(guó)際領(lǐng)域內(nèi)興起,超聲治療包括了高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲(HighIntensityFocusedUltrasound,HIFU)治療和聚焦超聲治療(FocusedUltrasound,FU)。HIFU的聲強(qiáng)一般為幾千到幾萬(wàn)瓦/cm2,由于其具有良好的組織穿透性和聚焦性等特點(diǎn),已廣泛應(yīng)用于如乳腺癌、子宮肌瘤、肝癌、骨肉瘤、前列腺癌等[1-6]實(shí)質(zhì)性臟器占位性腫瘤的治療。FU的聲強(qiáng)一般幾十到幾百瓦/cm2,主要利用超聲的機(jī)械效應(yīng),空化效應(yīng),熱效應(yīng)以及功能調(diào)節(jié)作用,通過(guò)改善靶區(qū)組織的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境來(lái)促進(jìn)微血管的形成,從而使得組織得以修復(fù)或再生,目前已經(jīng)用于治療慢性宮頸炎,外陰上皮內(nèi)非瘤樣病變,外陰尖銳濕疣,變應(yīng)性鼻炎等方面的治療并取得良好療效。 超聲治療除了在各種實(shí)質(zhì)性腫瘤和炎癥的治療方面有廣泛應(yīng)用外,目前在減脂塑形領(lǐng)域也是一大研究熱點(diǎn)。本課題從離體和活體兩個(gè)方面探究聚焦超聲在不同輻照劑量下對(duì)豬皮下脂肪的破壞效應(yīng),旨從靶區(qū)脂肪的破壞效應(yīng)和聲通道上組織破壞情況兩個(gè)方面,,探討聚焦超聲破壞豬皮下脂肪的有效性及篩選出的理想輻照劑量,為后期進(jìn)一步研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。 目的 利用聚焦超聲作用于離體和活體豬皮下脂肪,通過(guò)對(duì)靶區(qū)脂肪破壞效應(yīng)的觀察,為應(yīng)用體外聚焦超聲實(shí)現(xiàn)臨床減脂塑型提供實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ),并為減脂塑型領(lǐng)域補(bǔ)充治療技術(shù)。 方法 1.離體實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 選用屠宰后6h內(nèi)的新鮮離體豬皮下脂肪塊210塊(帶皮,每塊大小為3cm×3cm×3cm)。分成A、B兩組,A組120塊(A1=60,A2=60),B組90塊(B1=60,B2=30)。A1組用于肉眼觀察,A2組用于MTT檢測(cè),B1組用于光鏡觀察,B2組用于靶區(qū)及輻照區(qū)溫度檢測(cè)。 使用FU的輻照功率為200W,輻照時(shí)間:A組為5、10、20、30、60、90s,B組為30、60、90s,合成不同劑量的聚焦超聲作用于脂肪塊。 通過(guò)對(duì)靶區(qū)及輻照區(qū)皮膚的靶區(qū)肉眼、MTT染色,光鏡觀察,溫度檢測(cè),探討聚焦超聲破壞離體豬脂肪的有效性及提供后期活體實(shí)驗(yàn)的劑量參考。 2.活體實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 家豬2頭(體重約為130~140kg),編號(hào)為甲、乙。選用功率(100、150、200)W和時(shí)間(15、30、60)s組合成9種不同的劑量,每種劑量在每次實(shí)驗(yàn)中作用三個(gè)不同的輻照點(diǎn),各一次。 選擇豬兩側(cè)腹壁脂肪層較厚的地方為輻照區(qū),甲豬選擇一塊實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)(36個(gè)輻照點(diǎn)),于實(shí)驗(yàn)后第1天處死;乙豬選擇左右兩側(cè)兩塊實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)(左側(cè)36個(gè)輻照點(diǎn),右側(cè)36個(gè)輻照點(diǎn)),左側(cè)第1天實(shí)驗(yàn),右側(cè)第23天實(shí)驗(yàn),在第一次實(shí)驗(yàn)后的30天處死。 通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)前后血脂檢測(cè),實(shí)驗(yàn)后取靶區(qū)、輻照區(qū)皮膚、重要臟器(心和肝)行組織學(xué)檢測(cè),B超測(cè)量乙豬在輻照前及輻照后第2、7、23、30天各輻照區(qū)脂肪層厚度的變化,探討聚焦超聲破壞活體豬皮下脂肪的有效性及療效觀察。 結(jié)果 1.離體實(shí)驗(yàn)部分: (1)當(dāng)使用輻照時(shí)間為5s的聚焦超聲作用于脂肪塊后:肉眼及MTT(3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide,MTT)染色檢測(cè)未見(jiàn)凝固性壞死; (2)在10、20、30、60、90s的時(shí)間劑量中,靶區(qū)壞死體積、組織學(xué)變化,輻照區(qū)皮膚和靶區(qū)溫升與輻照時(shí)間成正比。當(dāng)輻照時(shí)間為90s時(shí),出現(xiàn)皮膚發(fā)白變硬的現(xiàn)象。 2.活體實(shí)驗(yàn)部分: (1)大體觀察:200W的功率和30s、60s的輻照時(shí)間作用后的靶區(qū)均見(jiàn)的灰白色凝固性壞死灶; (2)光鏡(LightMicroscope,LM)觀察:靶區(qū)脂肪做HE染色(Hematoxylin-Eosin,HE)結(jié)果顯示FU在不同輻照劑量下對(duì)活體豬皮下脂肪組織呈現(xiàn)不同的破壞作用:當(dāng)能量過(guò)低時(shí),F(xiàn)U對(duì)皮下脂肪的破壞作用不明顯,當(dāng)給予的能量達(dá)到一定閾值(200W)后,隨輻照時(shí)間的增加(≤60s),靶區(qū)的破壞程度越大,而靶區(qū)周圍的血管神經(jīng)結(jié)構(gòu)完整。在輻照后30天取靶區(qū)組織,苦味酸天狼星紅染色(SiriusRed-PolarizationStaining,SRP)發(fā)現(xiàn)200W,30s和60s均出現(xiàn)纖維化。重要臟器(心和肝)形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)正常,未出現(xiàn)脂肪化; (3)電鏡(ElectronMicroscope,EM)觀察:輻照功率200W,輻照時(shí)間60s作用后的靶區(qū)出現(xiàn)纖維化和泡沫細(xì)胞; (4)B超測(cè)量除100W,15s外輻照區(qū)皮下脂肪厚度均較空白對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)不同程度的減少(P<0.05),在功率為200W,輻照60s時(shí)的厚度減少最明顯。血脂檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)前后各血脂指標(biāo)無(wú)差異(P0.05)。結(jié)論 聚焦超聲能有效破壞豬皮下脂肪,而對(duì)靶區(qū)周圍的血管神經(jīng)無(wú)損傷。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,輻照功率為200W,輻照時(shí)間為30~60s時(shí)靶區(qū)的破壞程度明顯,可能為破壞豬皮下脂肪的最佳參數(shù)。
[Abstract]:Research background
From the end of last century, ultrasound therapy technology began to rise in the international field. Ultrasound therapy includes high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment and focused ultrasound therapy (FU). HIFU usually has the intensity of tens of thousands to tens of thousands of watts / cm 2, because of its good tissue penetration and focusing characteristics. FU has been widely used in the treatment of solid organ occupying tumors, such as breast cancer, uterine fibroids, liver cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer, etc. [1-6]. The intensity of FU is usually tens to hundreds of watt/cm 2, mainly using the mechanical effect of ultrasound, cavitation effect, thermal effect and function regulation to promote micro-effects by improving the growth environment of target tissue. Vascular formation, which allows tissue to be repaired or regenerated, has been used to treat chronic cervicitis, vulvar intraepithelial non-neoplastic lesions, vulvar condyloma acuminatum, allergic rhinitis and other aspects of treatment and achieved good results.
Ultrasound has been widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors and inflammation, but it is also a hot research topic in the field of lipid-reducing and shaping. In this paper, the destructive effects of focused ultrasound on subcutaneous fat of pigs under different irradiation doses were investigated in vitro and in vivo, aiming at the destructive effects of target fat and acoustic channels. The effectiveness of focused ultrasound in destroying porcine subcutaneous fat and the optimal irradiation dose screened were discussed from the two aspects of upper tissue destruction, which laid a foundation for further study.
objective
Focused ultrasound was used to treat subcutaneous fat of pig in vitro and in vivo. Through the observation of the destructive effect of fat in the target area, the experimental basis was provided for the application of focused ultrasound in vitro to achieve clinical lipid reduction and plasticity, and the supplementary treatment technology in the field of lipid reduction and plasticity was provided.
Method
1. in vitro experiment
210 pieces of fresh porcine subcutaneous fat were divided into two groups: group A (120 pieces A1 = 60, A2 = 60), group B (90 pieces B1 = 60, B2 = 30). Group A1 was used for naked eye observation, group A2 for MTT detection, group B1 for light microscope observation, group B2 for temperature detection in target area and irradiation area.
The irradiation power of FU was 200 W. The irradiation time was 5,10,20,30,60,90 s in group A and 30,60,90 s in group B.
The target area and the target area of the irradiated area were examined by naked eye, MTT staining, light microscopy and temperature detection. * the efficacy of focused ultrasound on porcine adipose tissue destruction and the dose reference for later vivo experiments were discussed.
2. live experiment part
Two pigs (weighing about 130-140 kg) were numbered A and B. Nine different doses of power (100,150,200) W and time (15,30,60) s were used in each experiment. Each dose acted at three different irradiation points, each time.
* pigs were selected as the irradiated area with thicker fat layer on both sides of abdominal wall. * a pig was selected for a experimentation area (36 irradiation points). * first days after the experiment, two pigs were selected on the left and right sides (36 on the left side, 36 on the right side), first days on the left side, and twenty-third days on the right side, and died on 30 days after the first experiment.
Blood lipids were detected before and after the experiment. The target area, irradiated area skin, important organs (heart and liver) were examined histologically. B * ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of fat layer in irradiated area before and after 2,7,23,30 days.
Result
1. in vitro experiments:
(1) No coagulative necrosis was detected by naked eyes and MTT (3-(4,5) -dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1) -3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) staining when the fat mass was irradiated by focused ultrasound for 5 s.
(2) At the time dose of 10,20,30,60,90 s, the volume of target necrosis and histological changes were observed. The temperature rise of the irradiated skin and target area was proportional to the irradiation time.
2. live experiment part:
(1) Gross observation: grey-white coagulative necrosis was found in the target area after irradiation with 200 W power and 30 s, 60 s irradiation time.
(2) Light Microscope (LM) observation: Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining of target fat showed that FU had different destructive effects on subcutaneous adipose tissue of live pigs under different irradiation doses: when the energy was too low, the destructive effect of FU on subcutaneous fat was not obvious, when the given energy reached a certain threshold (200W), with irradiation. With the increase of irradiation time (< 60 s), the damage of the target area was more serious, and the vascular and nerve structures around the target area were intact.
(3) Electron Microscope (EM) observation: fibrosis and foam cells appeared in the target area after irradiation power of 200 W and irradiation time of 60 s.
(4) The thickness of subcutaneous fat in the irradiated area was decreased to some extent (P < 0.05) except 100W and 15s by B-mode ultrasonography. The thickness of subcutaneous fat in the irradiated area was decreased most obviously when the irradiated power was 200 W and 60s. There was no significant difference in the indexes of blood lipid between before and after the experiment (P 0.05).
Focused ultrasound can effectively destroy the subcutaneous fat of pigs without damage to the blood vessels and nerves around the target area. The experimental results show that the damage degree of the target area is obvious when the irradiation power is 200 W and the irradiation time is 30-60 s, which may be the best parameter for destroying the subcutaneous fat of pigs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:R310

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7 健康時(shí)報(bào)特約記者 安然;內(nèi)臟脂肪都是坐出來(lái)的[N];健康時(shí)報(bào);2005年

8 吳一福;聚焦超聲技術(shù)在婦產(chǎn)科應(yīng)用前景廣闊[N];中國(guó)醫(yī)藥報(bào);2003年

9 田華;適量攝入脂肪有益健康[N];中國(guó)中醫(yī)藥報(bào);2007年

10 中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù)研究會(huì) 曲 錳;“聚焦超聲”的三大矛盾[N];健康報(bào);2007年

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8 孟

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