【摘要】：冠心病是威脅人類健康的主要疾病之一,我國(guó)冠心病發(fā)病率正在逐年上升，并呈年輕化的趨勢(shì)。對(duì)于冠心病患者來(lái)說(shuō)，由于供給心臟營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的血管（冠狀動(dòng)脈）發(fā)生粥樣硬化或者痙攣，使冠狀動(dòng)脈變的狹窄或者堵塞，導(dǎo)致心肌缺血、缺氧（心絞痛）或心肌壞死。冠心病關(guān)鍵在于及時(shí)診斷、及時(shí)治療。心音信號(hào)是反映人體心臟生理及其病理特征的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)，心音的分析研究是診斷冠心病的主要手段之一。當(dāng)冠心病患者心電信號(hào)尚未發(fā)展到心電圖異常之前，心音信號(hào)中出現(xiàn)的高頻心雜音蘊(yùn)含著冠心病診斷的可靠信息。 本文研制了一種基于PDA（Personal DigitalAssistant）和藍(lán)牙的便攜式冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄無(wú)損診斷儀器系統(tǒng)，以PDA和藍(lán)牙無(wú)線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸為基礎(chǔ)，開(kāi)發(fā)了心音采集終端和PDA手持移動(dòng)監(jiān)護(hù)終端，提出了基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ椒纸猓‥mpirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）和支持向量機(jī)（Support Vector Machine,SVM）的冠脈堵塞診斷算法，最后利用臨床心音數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)試了系統(tǒng)的性能。藍(lán)牙模塊在PDA終端與信號(hào)采集終端之間建立無(wú)線連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸；信號(hào)采集終端實(shí)現(xiàn)心音信號(hào)的采集和心音的聽(tīng)診；PDA終端具備心音數(shù)據(jù)的接收、波形實(shí)時(shí)顯示、存儲(chǔ)、回放、冠脈狹窄智能診斷以及與遠(yuǎn)程專家診斷系統(tǒng)通信等功能。 本論文主要作了以下幾個(gè)方面的工作： （1）心音信號(hào)采集終端電路設(shè)計(jì)：主要包括心音傳感器的選擇、心音濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)、按鍵接口電路的設(shè)計(jì)、復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì)、音量控制電路的設(shè)計(jì)、藍(lán)牙模塊的接口電路設(shè)計(jì)以及微控制器的選擇，實(shí)現(xiàn)心音信號(hào)的采集和心音的聽(tīng)診。 （2）心音信號(hào)采集終端軟件設(shè)計(jì)：包括微控制器各模塊的初始化設(shè)計(jì)、按鍵處理程序設(shè)計(jì)等。實(shí)現(xiàn)了2kHz的心音信號(hào)采樣、AD轉(zhuǎn)換、藍(lán)牙無(wú)線發(fā)送以及微控制器外圍模塊的控制等。 （3）心音信號(hào)分段與冠脈堵塞智能診斷算法：首先，提出了基于希爾伯特變換的心音分段算法，成功定位舒張期心音。其次，構(gòu)建了基于EMD和離散能量分離算法（Discrete EnergySeparation Algorithm,DESA）的舒張期心音瞬時(shí)頻率提取算法，利用該算法提取了舒張期心音瞬時(shí)頻率特征，該特征蘊(yùn)含了冠狀動(dòng)脈堵塞的病理信息。最后，提出了基于SVM的冠狀動(dòng)脈堵塞智能診斷方法，經(jīng)臨床冠心病患者測(cè)試，，獲得了較高的診斷率。 （4）PDA終端軟件開(kāi)發(fā)：采用LabVIEW作為軟件開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)，實(shí)現(xiàn)心音信號(hào)的實(shí)時(shí)采集顯示、心音存儲(chǔ)、心音回放、冠狀動(dòng)脈智能診斷以及遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)據(jù)傳輸軟件等。 本文開(kāi)發(fā)的儀器實(shí)現(xiàn)了醫(yī)療監(jiān)護(hù)的小型化、移動(dòng)性和智能化，可用于社區(qū)與家庭，為冠心病的早期診斷提供了一種有效的手段。
[Abstract]:Coronary heart disease is one of the main diseases threatening human health. The incidence of coronary heart disease in China is increasing year by year and tends to be younger. Angina pectoris) or myocardial necrosis. The key to coronary heart disease is timely diagnosis and treatment. Heart sound signal is an important indicator reflecting the physiological and pathological characteristics of the human heart. The analysis and study of heart sound is one of the main means to diagnose coronary heart disease. The present high frequency heart murmur contains reliable information for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
A portable nondestructive diagnostic instrument system for coronary artery stenosis based on PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and Bluetooth is developed in this paper. Based on PDA and Bluetooth wireless data transmission, a heart sound acquisition terminal and a PDA handheld mobile monitoring terminal are developed. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and support are proposed. Finally, the performance of the system is tested by using clinical heart sound data. Bluetooth module establishes wireless connection between PDA terminal and signal acquisition terminal to realize data transmission; signal acquisition terminal to achieve heart sound signal acquisition and auscultation; PDA terminal has heart sound. Acceptance of audio data, real-time display of waveform, storage, playback, intelligent diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis and communication with remote expert diagnosis system.
The main work of the thesis is as follows:
(1) The circuit design of the heart sound signal acquisition terminal includes the selection of the heart sound sensor, the design of the heart sound filter, the design of the key interface circuit, the design of the reset circuit, the design of the volume control circuit, the design of the Bluetooth module interface circuit and the selection of the microcontroller, so as to realize the heart sound signal acquisition and auscultation.
(2) The software design of the heart sound signal acquisition terminal includes the initialization design of each module of the microcontroller and the design of the key processing program.
(3) Intelligent diagnostic algorithm for heart sound segmentation and coronary artery occlusion: Firstly, a heart sound segmentation algorithm based on Hilbert transform is proposed to locate diastolic heart sound successfully. Secondly, an algorithm for extracting diastolic heart sound instantaneous frequency based on EMD and Discrete Energy Separation Algorithm (DESA) is proposed. The diastolic heart sound instantaneous frequency feature is extracted, which contains the pathological information of coronary artery occlusion. Finally, an intelligent diagnosis method of coronary artery occlusion based on SVM is proposed, which is tested by patients with coronary heart disease and has a high diagnostic rate.
(4) PDA terminal software development: LabVIEW is used as software development platform to realize real-time acquisition and display of heart sound signal, heart sound storage, heart sound playback, coronary artery intelligent diagnosis and remote data transmission software.
The instrument developed in this paper realizes the miniaturization, mobility and intellectualization of medical monitoring, and can be used in communities and families, providing an effective means for early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R318.6

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