本文選題：骨骼 + 逆向工程�。� 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,頸椎手術(shù)中頸椎骨銑削的好壞大多依賴于醫(yī)生的操作技巧和實踐經(jīng)驗,手術(shù)具有較高的風(fēng)險性。頸椎骨銑削同金屬銑削有諸多不同,尤其是銑削過程產(chǎn)生大量的熱量,會導(dǎo)致骨組織壞死和鄰近神經(jīng)組織的熱損傷。研究表明,骨組織的活性與溫度及高溫持續(xù)時間有很大關(guān)系,高溫導(dǎo)致酶的活性急劇降低,同時,高溫會造成骨細(xì)胞脫水,進而死亡。由于骨組織及其他周圍組織對溫度較為敏感;頸椎骨模型復(fù)雜,銑削溫度變化情況復(fù)雜;頸椎骨組織材料屬于非勻質(zhì)材料,較難找出其傳熱規(guī)律等,對頸椎骨銑削的機理進行基礎(chǔ)性研究,從而使醫(yī)生對頸椎骨手術(shù)過程中的熱損傷有直觀的量化感知是頸椎骨手術(shù)研究的重點。針對頸椎骨銑削生熱的問題,首先,本文對頸椎骨醫(yī)學(xué)掃描CT數(shù)據(jù)進行可視化處理,通過Mimics、Geomagic等多軟件間的結(jié)合,對頸椎骨模型進細(xì)節(jié)優(yōu)化以適應(yīng)有限元分析的要求,通過UG將骨骼的三維模型實體化,導(dǎo)出可用的三維模型。其次,本文通過對銑削傳熱理論的深入研究,借鑒移動熱源理論,將單刃銑削的情況等效為移動的持續(xù)發(fā)熱熱源,建立了適合骨骼銑削的傳熱模型。然后,基于骨骼銑削的傳熱模型,通過對骨骼材料模型的定義,利用DEFORM對骨骼的銑削過程進行有限元分析,得出了頸椎骨銑削溫度、銑削力與銑削深度、銑削速度之間的關(guān)系,同時,對銑削后銑削溫度在骨骼縱深上的分布做了研究,使頸椎骨表面溫度變化規(guī)律有了直觀的呈現(xiàn)。最后,基于頸椎骨銑削溫度與各銑削參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,利用MATLAB神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具箱對影響銑削溫度的各因素進行訓(xùn)練,建立了復(fù)雜的銑削溫度變化規(guī)律同各銑削參數(shù)之間可預(yù)測的神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,基于該模型實現(xiàn)了對頸椎骨銑削溫度的較精確預(yù)測。本研究對于防止頸椎骨銑削溫度過高而造成的嚴(yán)重的組織熱損傷,提高銑削表面質(zhì)量均具有重要意義;并通過仿真分析各銑削參數(shù)與銑削溫度的關(guān)系,為醫(yī)生實施高效低熱損銑削提供合理的方案;也為脊椎骨骼手術(shù)診斷、治療、評價和治療方案的優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:At present, the quality of cervical vertebrae bone milling in cervical spine surgery mostly depends on doctor's operation skill and practical experience, so the operation has high risk. There are many differences between the milling of cervical vertebrae and metal milling, especially the large amount of heat produced during milling, which will lead to the necrosis of bone tissue and the thermal damage of adjacent nerve tissue. The results showed that the activity of bone tissue was closely related to temperature and duration of hyperthermia. High temperature resulted in a sharp decrease of enzyme activity, while high temperature resulted in dehydration of bone cells and death. Because bone tissue and other surrounding tissues are sensitive to temperature, the model of cervical vertebrae is complex, the change of milling temperature is complicated, and the material of cervical vertebrae bone is non-homogeneous, so it is difficult to find out the heat transfer law, etc. The basic research on the mechanism of cervical vertebrae milling is carried out, so that the doctors have a direct and quantitative perception of the thermal injury in the process of cervical vertebrae surgery is the focus of cervical spine bone surgery. Aiming at the problem of hot milling of cervical vertebrae, firstly, the CT data of cervical vertebrae medical scanning are visualized, and by the combination of Mimicsl Geomagic and other software, the model of cervical vertebrae is optimized in detail to meet the requirement of finite element analysis. The three-dimensional model of bone is materialized by UG, and the available three-dimensional model is derived. Secondly, by studying the theory of heat transfer in milling and using the theory of moving heat source for reference, the case of single-edge milling is equivalent to that of moving heat source, and a heat transfer model suitable for bone milling is established. Then, based on the heat transfer model of bone milling, through the definition of bone material model and finite element analysis of bone milling process by deform, the relationship between milling temperature, milling force and milling depth and milling speed of cervical spine is obtained. At the same time, the distribution of milling temperature in the depth of bone is studied, which makes the rule of surface temperature of cervical vertebrae appear intuitively. Finally, based on the relationship between milling temperature and milling parameters of cervical spine, MATLAB neural network toolbox is used to train the factors that affect milling temperature. A neural network model of complex milling temperature variation law and various milling parameters is established. Based on the model, a more accurate prediction of the milling temperature of cervical vertebrae is realized. This study is of great significance to prevent serious tissue thermal damage caused by excessive temperature of cervical spine milling and to improve milling surface quality, and the relationship between milling parameters and milling temperature is analyzed by simulation. It provides a reasonable scheme for doctors to carry out high-efficiency low-heat loss milling, and also provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis, treatment, evaluation and optimization of surgical treatment of spinal skeleton.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R608

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