本文選題：脈圖法 + 血流動力學(xué)��； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前，高血壓、心臟病等心血管循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病以其高發(fā)病率、低治愈率成為威脅人類生命健康的“頭號殺手”，如若不能有效地予以防治，它將成為嚴(yán)重影響我國未來發(fā)展的嚴(yán)峻問題。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，研制的高新技術(shù)醫(yī)療儀器雖然給疾病患者帶來了福音，但隨之而來的高額醫(yī)療費(fèi)用也給家庭及社會帶來了沉重的壓力。因此一種簡單、準(zhǔn)確、安全、低成本的分析技術(shù)的研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)就顯得極為重要了。脈搏是人體生命存在的重要體征，是心臟、血管周期運(yùn)動的外在表現(xiàn)，包含著極其豐富的心血管系統(tǒng)生理病理信息。其次，脈學(xué)悠久的歷史為脈搏波分析技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的研究理論基礎(chǔ)，再則脈搏波提取相對簡單。綜合考慮便可得出脈搏波分析技術(shù)便是適合心血管疾病防治的一種合適技術(shù)。 本文首先介紹了脈搏波的相關(guān)研究歷史，繼而介紹了脈搏波的形成機(jī)理、特點(diǎn)及現(xiàn)有的波形分析方法，同時(shí)簡單闡述了心血管血流動力學(xué)理論及科研工作者們?yōu)橛?jì)算各類血流動力學(xué)參數(shù)所搭建的數(shù)學(xué)模型。在此理論基礎(chǔ)上，開展了脈搏波形分析及心血管血流動力學(xué)參數(shù)的研究。進(jìn)行波形分析時(shí)，首先采用自適應(yīng)算術(shù)平均濾波法和小波變換法實(shí)現(xiàn)波形預(yù)處理，以去除工頻干擾、基線漂移的影響；其次運(yùn)用時(shí)域、時(shí)頻域等現(xiàn)代信號處理技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)脈搏波特征信息提取，將前人優(yōu)秀算法應(yīng)用于脈搏信號分析，并對其進(jìn)行了部分改進(jìn)，包括N點(diǎn)差分閾值法、拐點(diǎn)法、小波模極大值對法等，其中改進(jìn)的N點(diǎn)差分閾值法分別從時(shí)值、幅值等多方面對其檢出結(jié)果進(jìn)行限制，從而提高了特征信息檢出的準(zhǔn)確率。而在參數(shù)計(jì)算中，本文結(jié)合大量的參考文獻(xiàn)并依據(jù)脈搏圖像分析數(shù)學(xué)模型，整理并總結(jié)了如血壓、泵血功能、微循環(huán)等八大類血流動力學(xué)參數(shù)計(jì)算公式，并對參數(shù)的生理意義進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的介紹。 基于以上脈搏分析技術(shù)及血流動力學(xué)參數(shù)計(jì)算公式，本文研制了脈搏信號輔診系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。該系統(tǒng)可實(shí)時(shí)讀取由前端脈搏信號采集裝置發(fā)送至數(shù)據(jù)庫的脈搏波形數(shù)據(jù)，，繼而完成波形的自動分析及血流動力學(xué)參數(shù)計(jì)算等功能，在一定程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)了心血管系統(tǒng)的遠(yuǎn)程在線監(jiān)控。系統(tǒng)操作界面友好、使用方法簡單，適合多種用戶群體。為驗(yàn)證分析算法的有效性及系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確性，對其進(jìn)行了性能測試及實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，測試結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)初步達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。 最后，在對本文工作總結(jié)的同時(shí)提出了今后研究工作的展望，并對其中的疾病診斷及預(yù)測領(lǐng)域做了初步探索。
[Abstract]:At present, high blood pressure, heart disease and other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases have become the "number one killer" threatening human life and health because of their high incidence and low cure rate. If they cannot be effectively prevented and treated, It will become a serious problem that will seriously affect the future development of our country. With the continuous development of science and technology, the development of high-tech medical instruments has brought good news to patients with diseases, but the high medical costs have also brought heavy pressure to families and society. Therefore, the research and implementation of a simple, accurate, safe and low-cost analytical technology is extremely important. Pulse is an important sign of human life, it is the external manifestation of the cycle movement of heart and blood vessel, and it contains abundant physiological and pathological information of cardiovascular system. Secondly, the long history of pulse theory lays a solid theoretical foundation for the development of pulse wave analysis technology, and the extraction of pulse wave is relatively simple. It is concluded that pulse wave analysis is a suitable technique for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. This paper first introduces the research history of pulse wave, then introduces the formation mechanism, characteristics and existing waveform analysis methods of pulse wave. At the same time, the theory of cardiovascular hemodynamics and the mathematical models established by researchers to calculate various hemodynamic parameters are briefly described. On the basis of this theory, pulse waveform analysis and cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters were studied. In waveform analysis, the adaptive arithmetic average filtering method and wavelet transform method are used to pre-process the waveform to remove the influence of power frequency interference and baseline drift. Time and frequency domain and other modern signal processing techniques are used to extract the characteristic information of pulse wave. The former excellent algorithms are applied to pulse signal analysis, and some improvements are made, including N point difference threshold method, inflexion point method, wavelet modulus maximum pair method and so on. The improved N-point difference threshold method limits the detection results from time value and amplitude value respectively, thus improving the accuracy of feature information detection. In the calculation of parameters, this paper combines a large number of references and mathematical models of pulse image analysis, collates and summarizes the calculation formulas of eight kinds of hemodynamic parameters, such as blood pressure, blood pump function, microcirculation, etc. The physiological significance of the parameters is introduced in detail. Based on the above pulse analysis technique and the calculation formula of hemodynamic parameters, an experimental device of pulse signal auxiliary diagnosis system is developed in this paper. The system can read the pulse waveform data from the front end pulse signal acquisition device to the database in real time, and then complete the functions of automatic waveform analysis and hemodynamic parameter calculation. To a certain extent, the remote online monitoring of cardiovascular system is realized. The operation interface of the system is friendly, the method is simple and suitable for various user groups. In order to verify the validity of the analysis algorithm and the accuracy of the system, the performance test and experimental verification are carried out. The test results show that the system has reached the design goal. Finally, the future work of this paper is summarized, and the field of disease diagnosis and prediction is preliminarily explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R318.6

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