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替換法制備納米氣泡及溫度對(duì)其影響的研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-02 09:50

  本文選題:納米氣泡 + 溫差法。 參考:《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文


【摘要】:納米氣泡最早是在研究當(dāng)兩個(gè)疏水物體浸入液體中的疏水長(zhǎng)程引力(LRHAF)的作用機(jī)制中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。自從Blake和Kitchener兩人第一次做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)以來并提出LRHAF的機(jī)制,對(duì)這個(gè)機(jī)制的爭(zhēng)論就沒有停止過。目前人們能很好的理解對(duì)有些疏水長(zhǎng)程引力是由于有氣體物在液體和疏水的固體界面上存在,這些氣體物被稱作納米氣泡。由于納米氣泡比可見光的波長(zhǎng)還要小,所以通過光學(xué)手段來觀測(cè)納米氣泡是不合適的;目前研究納米氣泡最主要的工具還是原子力顯微鏡(Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM),但是由于原子力顯微鏡接觸模式(Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy, CMAFM)下的作用力對(duì)于柔軟的納米氣泡來說太大了,容易刺破氣泡,所以不適合用CMAFM來對(duì)納米氣泡成像。納米氣泡存在于水和疏水界面上最直接的證據(jù)還是原子力顯微鏡輕敲模式(Tapping ModeAtomic Force Microscopy, TMAFM)在各種各樣的疏水界面上的圖像。從此,納米氣泡在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都引起了廣泛關(guān)注。 產(chǎn)生納米氣泡的方法有很多,如直接浸漬法,兩種溶劑替換以及快速加熱,電化學(xué)法等。其中,醇水替換被廣泛應(yīng)用并被證明是能高度重復(fù)的在不同基底上獲得大量納米氣泡的有效方法。同樣,也能使用其它有機(jī)溶劑與水替換來產(chǎn)生納米氣泡。然而,有機(jī)溶劑與水的替換存在著一些局限性,例如不能用于生物膜上,溶劑中易引入有機(jī)污染物等。因此,有必要建立新的方法來制備納米氣泡。 在本論文中,主要是通過冷水和熱水替換即溫差法來制備納米氣泡,結(jié)果表明溫差法在一定的溫度范圍內(nèi)能在疏水的HOPG表面形成納米氣泡。通過不同的成像模式、相圖、接觸角、針尖對(duì)氣泡的影響及脫氣對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)等方面一一驗(yàn)證了溫差法產(chǎn)生的就是納米氣泡。通過溫差法在疏水的HOPG表面上產(chǎn)生的納米氣泡的高度、大小及數(shù)量在熱水溫度達(dá)到37℃之前都隨溫度的升高而增大;其高度和大小都在37℃達(dá)到最大值,而數(shù)量卻是在38℃達(dá)到最大值。為了更好的研究溫差法產(chǎn)生的納米氣泡的性質(zhì),我們計(jì)算了每平方微米氣泡的總體積,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)熱水溫度為37℃時(shí)每平方微米氣泡的總體積最大,即在這個(gè)溫度下釋放的氣體量最多,納米氣泡在這個(gè)溫度下比較容易形成。 對(duì)溫差法產(chǎn)生的納米氣泡的接觸角進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,發(fā)現(xiàn)在HOPG表面上形成的納米氣泡的接觸角在一個(gè)比較穩(wěn)定的范圍內(nèi)變化(160° 170°),這可能與基底的性質(zhì)有關(guān)。曲率半徑的計(jì)算結(jié)果表明溫差法產(chǎn)生的納米氣泡的曲率半徑在200nm 1000nm范圍內(nèi)變化,與醇水替換法相比,產(chǎn)生的氣泡可能要小些。 溫差法不僅能產(chǎn)生納米氣泡,還能產(chǎn)生其它形式的氣體形態(tài)。如納米氣泡,納米氣層以及納米氣泡坐落在納米氣層上的雙層結(jié)構(gòu)都能同時(shí)存在。納米氣層的高度大約為2.5nm,直徑大約為700nm。雙層結(jié)構(gòu)的第一層高度約為1.5nm,第二層的高度大約為10nm。這些性質(zhì)與其他研究者所到的納米氣泡的性質(zhì)一致。 運(yùn)用同步輻射軟X射線技術(shù)對(duì)溫差法產(chǎn)生的納米氣泡進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,對(duì)充入CO_2氣體的溶液替換后的樣品進(jìn)行檢測(cè),在CO_2特征吸收峰附近檢測(cè)到強(qiáng)吸收峰,,證實(shí)體系中存在含CO_2氣體的納米氣泡,初步得到溫差法產(chǎn)生納米氣泡的內(nèi)部信息。
[Abstract]:Nanobubbles are first discovered in the mechanism of the study of the hydrophobic long - range attractive force ( LRHAF ) when two hydrophobic objects are immersed in the liquid . Since Blake and Kitchener have made the experiment for the first time and the LRHAF mechanism has been proposed , the debate on this mechanism has not been stopped . At present , it is well understood that some hydrophobic long - range attractive forces exist due to the presence of a gas in a liquid and hydrophobic solid interface , these gases being referred to as nanobubbles . Since the nano - bubbles are smaller than the wavelength of visible light , it is not suitable to observe nanobubbles by optical means ;
At present , the most important tool for nanobubbles is Atomic Force Microscopy ( AFM ) , but the force under Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy ( CMAFM ) is too large for soft nano - bubbles , so it is not suitable for nanobubble imaging with CMAFM . The most direct evidence of nanobubbles in water and hydrophobic interface is the image of atomic force microscopy ( TMAFM ) on various hydrophobic interfaces . Since then , nanobubbles have attracted wide attention in various fields .

There are many methods for producing nano - bubbles , such as direct impregnation , two solvent replacement , rapid heating , electrochemical method , etc . Among them , alcohol - water replacement is widely used and proved to be an effective method for obtaining large amounts of nano - bubbles on different substrates .

In this paper , nano - bubbles are prepared by replacing the temperature difference method with cold water and hot water . The results show that the temperature difference method can form nano - bubbles on the hydrophobic HOPG surface . The height , size and quantity of the nano - bubbles generated on the hydrophobic HOPG surface are increased with the increase of temperature before the hot water temperature reaches 37 鈩

本文編號(hào):1968326

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