發(fā)布時間：2018-05-15 18:42

  本文選題：羅布麻纖維 + 改性��； 參考：《安徽工程大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：羅布麻屬夾竹桃科,是一種多年生宿根野生草本植物。羅布麻纖維是一種具有優(yōu)良物理機械性能和醫(yī)療保健功能的天然綠色纖維,被冠以“野生纖維之王”的美譽。其織物除具有一般麻織物所具有的品質(zhì)外,還具有一定的抗菌、醫(yī)療保健及紫外線屏蔽功能,深受國內(nèi)外消費者的喜愛。我國野生羅布麻資源非常豐富,尤其以新疆塔里木盆地東部的羅布麻生長最盛、產(chǎn)量最多。 由于羅布麻本身的特點及脫膠工藝的不完善,羅布麻纖維在紡織加工過程中存在纖維表面光滑且無天然轉(zhuǎn)曲、纖維剛度大、長度差異大的缺陷,致使羅布麻纖維在開松和梳理過程中落纖率較高,羅布麻紗條干不勻率較明顯、強力低,不僅直接影響織造工序,而且還造成其制品精細(xì)程度小,使用壽命短,這無疑阻礙了羅布麻纖維及其制品的推廣利用。目前我國大部分羅布麻資源還未被開發(fā)利用,造成了極大的資源浪費。 鑒于以上問題,本課題首先對羅布麻纖維結(jié)構(gòu)和性能進行分析研究；接著從改善纖維性能著手,對羅布麻纖維進行冷離子體改性處理、柔軟改性和等離子體柔軟劑聯(lián)合改性,以改善羅布麻纖維表面光滑、纖維剛性大的缺陷,提高其紡紗性能；最后,對改性后羅布麻纖維進行紡紗實驗,通過改變參數(shù),得出獲得高品質(zhì)紗線的紡紗工藝。通過實驗和測試分析得出結(jié)論如下： (1)羅布麻纖維表面光滑、無轉(zhuǎn)曲,纖維的長度差異率較大,長度短于20mm的纖維所占比例較高。羅布麻纖維具有較高的斷裂強度和初始模量但其斷裂伸長率比較低,屬高強低伸型纖維,纖維剛度大。 (2)等離子體改性處理技術(shù)在未對羅布麻纖維強伸性、組成成分產(chǎn)生顯著影響的基礎(chǔ)上,通過等離子體的表面刻蝕作用,對纖維的表面摩擦性能影響顯著,提高了纖維間的抱合力。柔軟處理后,纖維的柔軟性能有較大改善,纖維的初始模量降幅較大,伸長率明顯提高。 (3)在一定程度上清梳工序中落麻率與成紗質(zhì)量密切相關(guān)。隨著落麻的增加,環(huán)錠紗的斷裂強度、摩擦次數(shù)呈不斷提高的趨勢,毛羽指數(shù)和細(xì)度不勻率逐漸降低。當(dāng)落麻率高于40%時,紗線的各項性能指標(biāo)變化趨于平緩。在對羅布麻纖維充分開松梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,可通過控制落麻率,來調(diào)節(jié)成紗質(zhì)量。 (4)在轉(zhuǎn)杯紡實驗中,轉(zhuǎn)杯直徑不同,成紗質(zhì)量差異較大,轉(zhuǎn)杯直徑的選擇是提高轉(zhuǎn)杯紗質(zhì)量的一個關(guān)鍵工藝參數(shù)。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)杯直徑為32mm、轉(zhuǎn)杯速度6500R/min、分梳輥轉(zhuǎn)速8000R/min時所紡轉(zhuǎn)杯紗的質(zhì)量較高。(5)羅布麻纖維經(jīng)等離子體、柔軟改性及聯(lián)合改性后,環(huán)錠紗與轉(zhuǎn)杯紗的質(zhì)量都有不同程度的提高。其中,等離子體處理對紗線的斷裂強度、耐磨次數(shù)、細(xì)度不勻率的提高較明顯。柔軟改性和聯(lián)合改性后,紗線的毛羽指數(shù)有明顯改善。由此表明：在對纖維改性的基礎(chǔ)上紡制高品質(zhì)純羅布麻紗具有一定的可行性。
[Abstract]:Apocynaceae is a perennial wild herb with perennial roots. Apocynum fiber is a kind of natural green fiber with excellent physical and mechanical properties and health care function, which is known as "king of wild fiber". Its fabric not only has the quality of general linen fabric, but also has certain antibacterial, medical care and ultraviolet shielding function, which is loved by consumers at home and abroad. The wild Apocynum in China is very rich, especially in the east of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. Due to the characteristics of Apocynum and the imperfection of degumming technology, the fiber has the defects of smooth surface, no natural curl, large stiffness and great difference in length during the process of textile processing. As a result, the fiber drop rate is higher in the process of loosening and carding, and the yarn unevenness rate is obvious and the strength is low, which not only directly affects the weaving process, but also results in the small fineness and short service life of the products. This undoubtedly hinders the popularization and utilization of Apocynum fiber and its products. At present, most of the resources of Apocynum in China have not been exploited and utilized, resulting in a great waste of resources. In view of the above problems, the structure and properties of Apocynum fiber were analyzed and studied firstly, and then the cold ion-body modification, soft modification and plasma softener combination modification of Apocynum fiber were carried out in order to improve the fiber properties. In order to improve the defects of smooth surface and high fiber rigidity, the spinning performance of the modified apocynum fiber was improved. Finally, the spinning process of high quality yarn was obtained by changing the parameters. The results of the experiment and test analysis are as follows: 1) the surface of Apocynum fiber is smooth and has no twist, the fiber length difference rate is larger, and the proportion of fiber with shorter fiber length than 20mm is higher than that of Apocynum fiber. Apocynum fiber has high breaking strength and initial modulus, but its elongation at break is relatively low, so it belongs to high strength and low elongation fiber, and its stiffness is large. (2) the plasma modification technology has a significant effect on the surface friction properties of the fiber through the surface etching of plasma, on the basis of not having a significant effect on the tensile strength and composition of the fiber, and on the basis of the effect of plasma etching on the surface friction property of the fiber. The adhesion between fibers is improved. After soft treatment, the softness of the fiber was greatly improved, the initial modulus of the fiber was decreased greatly, and the elongation of the fiber was obviously increased. 3) to a certain extent, the falling rate and yarn quality are closely related in the carding process. With the increase of falling linen, the breaking strength and friction times of ring yarn are increasing, and the hairiness index and fineness unevenness decrease gradually. When the drop ratio of yarn is higher than 40, the change of yarn properties tends to be gentle. The yarn quality can be adjusted by controlling the falling rate on the basis of fully opening and carding of the apocynous fiber. 4) in the rotor spinning experiment, the yarn quality varies greatly with different rotor diameter, and the choice of rotor diameter is a key process parameter to improve rotor yarn quality. When the rotor diameter is 32mm, the rotor speed is 6500R / min, and the spinning speed is 8000R/min, the quality of spinning rotor yarn is higher. 5) after plasma, soft modification and combined modification, the quality of ring spinning yarn and rotor yarn are improved to some extent. Among them, the breaking strength, wear resistance and fineness unevenness of the yarn treated by plasma treatment are improved obviously. After soft modification and combined modification, the hairiness index of yarn is improved obviously. The results show that it is feasible to spinning high quality pure Apocynum yarn on the basis of fiber modification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R318.08

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