本文選題：生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程史 + 方法論�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)初生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域機(jī)體論與還原論之爭(zhēng),促成了一般系統(tǒng)論的誕生。盡管會(huì)遇到各種困難,但這的確是促進(jìn)科學(xué)統(tǒng)一的一次科學(xué)革命�？茖W(xué)發(fā)展過程中,在承認(rèn)機(jī)械還原論優(yōu)點(diǎn)的同時(shí),更需要一個(gè)比之更完善的方法論指導(dǎo)。系統(tǒng)論思想強(qiáng)調(diào)低層次的事物和高層次的事物都需要關(guān)注,系統(tǒng)局部的變化會(huì)引起其它局部和整體的反應(yīng),具體到生命系統(tǒng)而言,就是要既關(guān)心化學(xué)層次或分子層次上的事物,又關(guān)心較高的生命組織層次上的事物。生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)是促進(jìn)生命健康的工程學(xué)科,無論是學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)理論的發(fā)展,還是工程技術(shù)的研發(fā),都需要從整體的角度和動(dòng)態(tài)的角度研究人體系統(tǒng)的變化規(guī)律,尤其是針對(duì)局部問題的解決方案,需要綜合考慮與生命系統(tǒng)整體的切合性。本文根據(jù)系統(tǒng)哲學(xué)原理對(duì)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程發(fā)展史與方法論進(jìn)行了探討。主要包括以下四部分內(nèi)容:一、生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程發(fā)展史概述。生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)的快速發(fā)展始于20世紀(jì)50年代,“生命”和“工程”是生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程的兩個(gè)核心要素。這里的生命,包括生命個(gè)體的健康和生命群體的延續(xù),而這也一直是其使命之源。工程則包括個(gè)體生命的健康問題工程和群體生命的公平公正工程。相伴醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展,通過解決生命系統(tǒng)健康問題成就健康的個(gè)體生命;通過促進(jìn)診斷治療的簡便化和低成本化,成就健康的群體生命。本文根據(jù)系統(tǒng)哲學(xué)的事物發(fā)展演化的基本規(guī)律重新審視生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)的概念和特點(diǎn),并在分析生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)發(fā)展概況的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)了解決特殊問題和局部問題時(shí)遇到的困境,而這些很多已被證實(shí)是由于對(duì)系統(tǒng)整體涌現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生的新特性和功能認(rèn)識(shí)的缺失所致。二、科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展演化的系統(tǒng)哲學(xué)方法論探討�；诙喾N視角,人類在審視自己的同時(shí),不斷嘗試著解讀大自然。人們不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)或創(chuàng)造事物之間的多種聯(lián)系方式,試圖追問自然。而我們?cè)趻呙柽@些解讀自然和追問自然的過程、方式、內(nèi)容和結(jié)果時(shí),亦在試著描述系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)、能量和信息的交換及其方式,并極力探索其要素、結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的變化。本文試圖從事物發(fā)展所遵循的系統(tǒng)哲學(xué)的差異協(xié)同律、層次轉(zhuǎn)化律和整體優(yōu)化律角度,對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)這一復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)演化的實(shí)質(zhì)、動(dòng)力、形式、過程進(jìn)行探討。多元性、差異性、相關(guān)性、整體性是這個(gè)復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),差異是促成這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展動(dòng)力,協(xié)同則在差異基礎(chǔ)上成就了系統(tǒng)的整個(gè)發(fā)展歷程,自組織涌現(xiàn)表達(dá)了系統(tǒng)發(fā)展演化的形式,層級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)化和整體優(yōu)化則表達(dá)了科學(xué)技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展過程。三、人體組織器官的協(xié)同優(yōu)化及自組織行為分析。開放性、多元性、層次性、相關(guān)性、動(dòng)態(tài)性、整體性充分表達(dá)了人體系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),協(xié)同優(yōu)化和自組織行為是其典型的系統(tǒng)行為。本文對(duì)骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的認(rèn)識(shí)歷程進(jìn)行了簡單梳理,并進(jìn)行了骨的協(xié)同優(yōu)化及其自組織行為分析,提出開放與非平衡是骨力學(xué)自組織行為的前提條件,差異信息是骨力學(xué)自組織行為的源動(dòng)力。骨的功能適應(yīng)性原理充分證實(shí)了骨的協(xié)同優(yōu)化及自組織行為。四、生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程發(fā)展史研究的方法論探討。生物醫(yī)學(xué)問題訴求,研究過程的實(shí)踐介入,研究方法的實(shí)證性表達(dá)了生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程發(fā)展史研究的實(shí)證性原則;問題生成的生態(tài)環(huán)境,交叉學(xué)科的整體關(guān)照,影響因子的綜合考量表達(dá)了生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程發(fā)展史研究的整體性原則;研究基礎(chǔ)的歷史性積淀,研究過程的歷史性考察,研究體系的歷史性結(jié)合表達(dá)了生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程發(fā)展史研究的歷史性原則;尊重生命的歷史軌跡,聚焦人體系統(tǒng)的歷史軌跡,人與外界的作用軌跡表達(dá)了生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程發(fā)展史研究的生命適切性原則;傳統(tǒng)分析方法的不足使其隱匿,系統(tǒng)分析方法以全新的活力面對(duì)生命系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)分析方法本就是表達(dá)系統(tǒng)自組織演化方式的一種方法。本文把人體視為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的巨系統(tǒng),研究其運(yùn)行中會(huì)產(chǎn)生諸多只因系統(tǒng)整體的存在而涌現(xiàn)出的新的特性、結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,這些新生事物是系統(tǒng)各部分不能產(chǎn)生的,也是系統(tǒng)各部分簡單疊加后不能產(chǎn)生的,只有在各部分因某種需要和某些聯(lián)系形成“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”的有機(jī)整體方可產(chǎn)生。必須在系統(tǒng)論指導(dǎo)下審視人體生命系統(tǒng)的特性、結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,并運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)整體和動(dòng)態(tài)的系統(tǒng)方法論,指導(dǎo)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程研究(這也是生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)學(xué)科本身性質(zhì)使然),進(jìn)而回答生命個(gè)體或群體的健康問題。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the twentieth Century, the debate on the theory of organism and reductionism in the field of biology contributed to the birth of the general system theory. Although there would be a variety of difficulties, it was indeed a scientific revolution to promote the unity of science. In the process of scientific development, a more perfect methodological guidance was needed while recognizing the advantages of the theory of mechanical reductionism. The emphasis on low level things and high-level things needs to be paid attention to. Local changes in the system will cause other local and overall reactions. In the life system, it is concerned with both the chemical and molecular levels, and the higher life organization. Biomedical engineering is to promote life and health. The engineering discipline, whether it is the development of the basic theory of subject or the research and development of engineering technology, needs to study the change law of the human body from a whole angle and the dynamic point of view, especially the solution to the local problem, which needs to be considered synthetically with the whole life system. The history of engineering development and methodology are discussed. The following four parts are included: first, an overview of the history of biomedical engineering. The rapid development of biomedical engineering began in 1950s. "Life" and "Engineering" are the two core elements of biomedical engineering. Life, including the health and life of individuals of life, is the key element of biomedical engineering. The continuation of the group, which has always been the source of its mission. The project includes the health engineering of individual life and the fair and fair engineering of the life of the group. The development of the medical system, the achievement of the healthy individual life through the solution of the health problems of the life system; the achievement of a healthy group by facilitating the simplicity and low cost of diagnosis and treatment. This article reexamines the concepts and characteristics of biomedical engineering according to the basic rules of the development and evolution of the philosophy of system philosophy. On the basis of the analysis of the development of Biomedical Engineering, this paper finds out the difficulties encountered in solving special problems and local problems, which have been proved to be due to the emergence of the system as a whole. Two, the systematic philosophical methodology of the evolution of science and technology. Based on a variety of perspectives, human beings are constantly trying to interpret nature while examining themselves. People constantly discover or create a variety of connections between things and try to search for nature. And we are scanning these interpretations of nature. The process, the way, the content and the result of the question of nature also try to describe the exchange and way of the material, energy and information of the system, and try to explore the changes in its elements, structures and functions. This article tries to make the difference synergy law of system philosophy, the law of hierarchy transformation and the overall optimization law, and the science and technology from the development of things. The essence, power, form and process of the evolution of this complex system are discussed. Diversity, difference, correlation, and integrity are the characteristics of this complex system. The difference is the driving force for the development of the system, and on the basis of differences, synergy has made the whole development process of the system, and the self organization emerges to express the form of system development and evolution. Level transformation and overall optimization express the development process of the scientific and technological system. Three, the coordination optimization and self-organization analysis of human tissues and organs. The characteristics of human body system are fully expressed by the openness, diversity, hierarchy, relevance, dynamics and integrity, and the cooperative optimization and self-organization behavior are its typical systematic behavior. The cognitive process of the structure and function of the skeleton is simply combed, and the synergistic optimization of bone and the analysis of the self organization behavior are carried out. The precondition for the self organization behavior of bone mechanics is proposed. The difference information is the source of the self organizing behavior of bone mechanics. The principle of functional adaptation of bone fully confirms the synergistic optimization and self-improvement of bone. Organizational behavior. Four, methodological discussion on the development history of biomedical engineering. The demands of biomedical problems, the practical intervention of the research process, the empirical expression of the empirical principles of the research on the development history of biomedical engineering; the ecological environment generated by the problems, the overall consideration of the interdisciplinary department and the comprehensive consideration of the influence factors The holistic principle of the research on the history of biomedical engineering; the historical accumulation of the research foundation, the historical investigation of the research process, the historical combination of the research system and the historical principle of the research on the development history of biomedical engineering; respect for the historical track of life, the historical track of the human body system, and the track table between human and the outside world It has reached the principle of life appropriateness in the research of the history of biomedical engineering; the insufficiency of traditional analytical methods makes it concealed, the system analysis method faces the life system with the new vitality. The system analysis method is a method to express the self organized evolution mode of the system. This article regards human being as a complex giant system and studies its operation. There will be a number of new characteristics, structures and functions that emerge from the existence of the system as a whole. These new things are not produced by all parts of the system and can not be produced by the simple superposition of all parts of the system. Only in the parts of each part, the organic whole can be produced by a certain need and certain connections. Under the guidance of system theory, it is necessary to examine the characteristics, structures and functions of the human life system, and to guide the research of Biomedical Engineering, which is also the nature of Biomedical Engineering, by emphasizing the overall and dynamic system methodology, and then to answer the health problems of life individuals or groups.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R318

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