本文選題：揮鞭傷 + 頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在交通事故傷情中，頸部損傷不但發(fā)生率較高，而且其造成的后遺癥長期困擾著事故幸存者。典型的頸部損傷，通常情況下稱之為揮鞭傷，多發(fā)生于追尾碰撞事故中。揮鞭傷的發(fā)生機(jī)制主要是由于頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊的過度形變引起關(guān)節(jié)囊神經(jīng)受激或受損從而產(chǎn)生疼痛。雖然越來越多的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究已經(jīng)證實(shí)了這一揮鞭傷發(fā)生機(jī)制，但揮鞭傷時(shí)頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變狀況與其神經(jīng)生理學(xué)之間的關(guān)系尚未具體明確。本文基于以上研究目的，提出了利用頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變與疼痛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)測(cè)量揮鞭傷時(shí)頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊的應(yīng)變與神經(jīng)放電活動(dòng)，以進(jìn)一步揭示二者的關(guān)系。 本文的主要研究工作和成果包括： ①參考頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊形態(tài)與結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷膭?dòng)物模型和物理模型。山羊頸椎因其在形態(tài)學(xué)上與人體頸椎相似，可作為動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ汀Ｖ谱髁宋锢砟Ｐ陀糜陬i椎關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試。 ②本文設(shè)計(jì)了頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)，，用以測(cè)量揮鞭傷時(shí)頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變狀況。系統(tǒng)由關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變傳感器、測(cè)量電橋、放大電路、濾波電路、零偏校正電路和高速采集裝置等組成。關(guān)節(jié)囊液態(tài)金屬應(yīng)變傳感器由于測(cè)量大應(yīng)變的需要，其輸出為非線性，將通過非線性模型的階次來控制傳感器靜態(tài)非線性模型的近似誤差。對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變傳感器進(jìn)行標(biāo)定，得出關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變傳感器靜態(tài)非線性模型，并獲得傳感器的擬合誤差、回差、重復(fù)性、靈敏度、分辨力、閾值和靜態(tài)誤差等靜態(tài)指標(biāo)。最后通過求近似反函數(shù)的方法來進(jìn)行輸出信號(hào)的反演。 ③針對(duì)揮鞭傷時(shí)頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊疼痛檢測(cè)需要，本文設(shè)計(jì)了頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊疼痛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。通過神經(jīng)放電檢測(cè)電極連接關(guān)節(jié)囊神經(jīng)根，傳導(dǎo)出疼痛信號(hào)，經(jīng)A/D差分放大器后，利用高速記錄主機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集，最終利用專用軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。由于揮鞭傷時(shí)的疼痛信號(hào)包含多個(gè)神經(jīng)纖維傳導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作電位，因此，本文采用電刺激實(shí)驗(yàn)，先對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)囊各個(gè)區(qū)域?qū)?yīng)的神經(jīng)纖維放電動(dòng)作電位進(jìn)行篩選和甄別，并作為模板，與揮鞭傷模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)的神經(jīng)放電數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行匹配，最終獲得不同關(guān)節(jié)囊區(qū)域?qū)?yīng)的不同神經(jīng)纖維放電的速率變換狀況。 ④搭建了揮鞭傷模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變與疼痛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)。揮鞭傷模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)包括揮鞭傷致傷平臺(tái)、追尾碰撞數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)、高速攝像系統(tǒng)和激光測(cè)速系統(tǒng)。完成頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊應(yīng)變檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，最后提出了頸椎關(guān)節(jié)囊疼痛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)方案。
[Abstract]:In traffic accidents, the incidence of neck injuries is not only high, but also the sequelae caused by the accident survivors for a long time. Typical neck injuries, commonly known as whiplash injuries, often occur in rear-end collisions. The mechanism of whiplash injury is mainly caused by the excessive deformation of the cervical joint capsule, which results in the injury of the articular capsule nerve. Although more and more experimental studies have confirmed the mechanism of whiplash injury, the relationship between the strain of cervical joint capsule and its neurophysiology is not clear. In order to reveal the relationship between strain and nerve discharge activity of cervical joint capsule during whiplash injury, the strain and nerve discharge of cervical joint capsule were measured by using the cervical joint capsule strain and pain detection system. The main research work and achievements of this paper are as follows: 1 referring to the morphology and structure of cervical joint capsule, the animal model and physical model of the experimental model were designed. The goat cervical vertebrae can be used as an animal experimental model because it is morphologically similar to the human cervical vertebrae. A physical model was developed to test the strain detection system of cervical joint capsule. 2 the strain detection system of cervical joint capsule was designed to measure the strain of cervical joint capsule in whiplash injury. The system consists of joint capsule strain sensor, measuring bridge, amplifier circuit, filter circuit, zero offset correction circuit and high speed acquisition device. The liquid metal strain sensor of articular capsule needs to measure large strain and its output is nonlinear. The approximate error of the sensor's static nonlinear model will be controlled by the order of nonlinear model. The static nonlinear model of the joint capsule strain sensor is obtained by calibrating the sensor, and the static indexes such as fitting error, return error, repeatability, sensitivity, resolution, threshold value and static error are obtained. Finally, the output signal is inversed by approximate inverse function. 3 according to the need of cervical joint capsule pain detection in whiplash injury, a cervical joint capsule pain detection system was designed. The nerve nerve root of articular capsule is connected by nerve discharge detection electrode and the pain signal is transmitted. After Ar / D differential amplifier data acquisition is carried out by high speed recording host and finally data analysis is carried out by special software. Because the pain signal of whiplash injury contains action potential of multiple nerve fiber conduction, the electric stimulation experiment was used to screen and identify the corresponding action potential of nerve fiber discharge in each region of articular capsule, which was used as a template. Matching with the nerve discharge data from the whiplash injury simulation experiment, the different nerve fiber discharge rate changes corresponding to different joint capsule regions were obtained. (4) an experimental system was set up to test the strain and pain of cervical joint capsule. The simulation experimental system of whiplash injury includes a platform for whiplash injury, a data acquisition system for rear-end collision, a high-speed camera system and a laser velocimetry system. The experimental study of cervical joint capsule strain detection system was completed. Finally, the experimental scheme of cervical joint capsule pain detection system was put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH789

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本文編號(hào)：1853578