本文選題：人工角膜光學(xué)中心材料 + 聚乙烯醇��； 參考：《深圳大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：人工角膜是用生物醫(yī)用材料制成的類似供體角膜的人造屈光裝置,用來替代病變的角膜以達(dá)到治療角膜病的目的。供體角膜來源匱乏以及同種異體角膜移植成功率低,導(dǎo)致供體角膜遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足角膜病治療的需求,所以人工角膜具有重大研究意義。人工角膜移植就目前而言存在的主要問題有:術(shù)后位置異�；蛎摮�;光學(xué)中心區(qū)前、后增殖膜的形成。人工角膜光學(xué)中心材料是整個(gè)人工角膜的核心部分,其性能是否優(yōu)異是影響人工角膜應(yīng)用前景的重要因素。聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝膠具有良好的親水性能、力學(xué)性能、光學(xué)性能和生物相容性。在課題前期研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),將PVA水凝膠作為中心區(qū)材料的人工角膜移植到動(dòng)物眼內(nèi)時(shí),材料能夠滿足基本要求,但在手術(shù)后期出現(xiàn)了少量的角膜上皮細(xì)胞在光學(xué)中心區(qū)粘附生長的現(xiàn)象。在本研究中以PVA水凝膠作為光學(xué)中心材料,并對其進(jìn)行修飾改性,以期獲得既具有良好基礎(chǔ)性能,又具有抗細(xì)胞粘附性能的改性PVA人工角膜光學(xué)中心材料。本文通過表面涂覆改性、復(fù)合改性以及表面接枝改性等方法對人工角膜光學(xué)中心材料(PVA水凝膠)進(jìn)行修飾改性,并對修飾改性后的PVA水凝膠的各種性能進(jìn)行研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1.用N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)作為共聚單體來制備共聚物N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺-甲基丙烯酸(DMA-MAA),采用FTIR對共聚物進(jìn)行表征,將共聚物涂覆于PVA水凝膠表面。探討了DMA-MAA修飾涂覆液的濃度對PVA水凝膠的透光率、含水率、溶脹性能、親水性等性能的影響,并對修飾改性后的材料的抗細(xì)胞粘附性能進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)DMA-MAA修飾改性后的PVA水凝膠材料的可見光透過率在90%以上,含水率為71%~73%,親水性獲得極大提升,材料表面與水的接觸角值由41°降到了14°,溶脹比為3.5~3.7,抗細(xì)胞粘附能力獲得顯著提升。2.采用循環(huán)冷凍-解凍法,制成肝素鈉/聚乙烯醇(HS/PVA)復(fù)合水凝膠。探討了不同質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)肝素鈉對復(fù)合水凝膠的透光率、含水率、溶脹性能、親水性、力學(xué)性能以及肝素鈉釋放量的影響。結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合水凝膠可見光透過率有少量下降,為92%以上,含水率為72%~78%,親水性獲得提升,材料與水接觸角值由41°降到了22°,平衡溶脹比為4.0~4.5,溶脹平衡時(shí)間由60min逐漸降到了45min,復(fù)合材料的拉伸強(qiáng)度為0.55~0.76MPa,且斷裂伸長率也在200%以上,適量肝素鈉的釋放可以達(dá)到減少細(xì)胞粘附的效果。3.采用共價(jià)接枝的方法將肝素分子接枝到PVA水凝膠表面,用ATR-FTIR對水凝膠材料表面的修飾物進(jìn)行表征。分別探討了3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)的濃度和肝素(Hep)的濃度對水凝膠材料的透光率、含水率、溶脹性能、親水性以及肝素固定量等性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,修飾改性后的水凝膠材料的可見光透過率在94%以上,含水率為68~72%,溶脹平衡時(shí)間為60min,溶脹比在3.0~3.5,親水性得到顯著提升,隨著修飾液濃度的增加,材料表面接觸角由空白樣的41°逐漸降低到了28°左右,材料表面能共價(jià)結(jié)合一定量的肝素分子,肝素分子的高親水性和高負(fù)電荷性能提高了PVA水凝膠材料的抗細(xì)胞粘附能力。4.對上述三種修飾改性后的PVA水凝膠材料進(jìn)行急性全身毒性、體外細(xì)胞毒性、皮內(nèi)反應(yīng)這三種生物相容性試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,被測樣品浸提液未導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物死亡或引起急性全身毒性反應(yīng)的跡象,體外細(xì)胞毒性均為1級,皮內(nèi)反應(yīng)類型為極輕微級。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明修飾改性后的PVA水凝膠光學(xué)中心材料生物相容性可以達(dá)到國標(biāo)要求,屬于合格的醫(yī)用材料。
[Abstract]:Artificial cornea is an artificial refractive device similar to the donor cornea made of biomedical materials, which is used to replace the cornea of the lesion to achieve the purpose of treating keratopathy. The donor cornea is scarce and the success rate of allograft cornea is low. The donor cornea can not meet the needs of the cornea treatment. So the artificial cornea is of great importance. Major research significance. The main problems of artificial corneal transplantation are: abnormal position or release after operation, the formation of the posterior proliferating membrane in the optical center area. The central part of the artificial cornea is the central part of the whole artificial cornea. Its excellent performance is an important factor affecting the application prospect of human cornea. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA The hydrogels have good hydrophilic properties, mechanical properties, optical properties and biocompatibility. In the previous study, it was found that the material could meet the basic requirements when the PVA hydrogel was transplanted into the eye of the animal's eye as the central material, but a small amount of corneal epithelial cells adhered to the optical center in the later period of the operation. In this study, the PVA hydrogel was used as an optical center material and modified to modify the optical center material of modified PVA artificial cornea, which had good basic properties and anti cell adhesion properties. This paper was made by surface coating modification, compound modification and surface grafting modification. The modified corneal optical center material (PVA hydrogel) was modified and the properties of modified PVA hydrogels were studied. The main contents and results were as follows: 1. the copolymers were prepared by N, N- two methylacrylamide (DMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as copolymers to prepare copolymer N, N- two methyl acrylamide methacrylic acid (DMA-MAA). The copolymer was characterized by FTIR, and the copolymer was coated on the surface of PVA hydrogel. The effects of the concentration of DMA-MAA modified coating on the transmittance, water content, swelling and hydrophilic properties of the PVA hydrogel were investigated, and the anti cell adhesion properties of the modified modified materials were studied. The results showed that the modified DMA-MAA modification was modified by DMA-MAA modification. The visible light transmittance of the PVA hydrogel is above 90%, the moisture content is 71%~73%, the hydrophilic property is greatly improved, the contact angle of the surface and water is reduced from 41 degrees to 14, the swelling ratio is 3.5~3.7, the anti cell adhesion ability is improved significantly by the cycle freezing thawing method, and the heparin sodium / polyvinyl alcohol (HS/PVA) composite water is prepared. The effects of different mass fraction of heparin sodium on the transmittance, water content, swelling property, hydrophilic properties, hydrophilic properties, mechanical properties and the release of heparin sodium were investigated. The results showed that the visible light transmittance of the composite hydrogel decreased slightly, the moisture content was more than 92%, the water content was 72%~ 78%, the hydrophilic property was improved, and the value of the material and water contact angle was 41 degrees. To 22 degree, the equilibrium swelling ratio is 4.0~4.5, the equilibrium time of swelling is reduced from 60min to 45min, the tensile strength of the composite is 0.55~0.76MPa, and the elongation at break is also above 200%. The release of heparin sodium can reduce the effect of cell adhesion,.3. grafting the heparin molecule onto the PVA hydrogel form by covalent grafting. The surface modification of the hydrogels was characterized by ATR-FTIR. The effects of the concentration of 3- amino propyl triethoxane (APTS) and the concentration of heparin (Hep) on the transmittance, water content, swelling, hydrophilicity, and heparin fixed amount of the hydrogel were investigated. The results showed that the modified hydrogel material was modified. The transmittance of visible light is above 94%, the water content is 68~72%, the swelling equilibrium time is 60min, the swelling ratio is higher than that of 3.0~3.5, the hydrophilic property of the material is greatly improved. With the increase of the concentration of the modified liquid, the contact angle of the material decreases gradually from the blank sample to about 28 degrees. The surface of the material can covalently combine a certain amount of heparin molecule and the high heparin molecule. The hydrophile and high negative charge performance improved the anti cell adhesion ability of PVA hydrogel.4. on the acute systemic toxicity of the three modified PVA hydrogels, in vitro cytotoxicity and intradermal reaction. The results showed that the samples were not killed or acute. The cytotoxicity in vitro is 1 and the type of intradermal reaction is extremely light. The results show that the biocompatibility of the modified PVA hydrogel optical center material can reach the national standard, and it belongs to the qualified medical materials.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TQ427.26;R318.08

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