本文選題：生物可降解支架 + 體內(nèi)��； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：支架在治療生理性官腔如血管、食道、膽道、尿道的閉塞或狹窄的方面起著越來越重要的作用，這是由于支架具有支撐管壁的作用，能夠維持腔道的暢通。目前，臨床上使用的支架主要是由塑料或金屬制備而成。塑料支架和金屬支架具有機(jī)械支撐作用強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，能夠維持腔道的長(zhǎng)期通暢，這使他們適用于不同類型的阻塞性病變，包括惡性梗阻。但是，它們也有缺點(diǎn)，如由于上皮細(xì)胞增生將導(dǎo)致支架難以從體內(nèi)取出，因而不適合治療良性梗阻。近年來，生物可降解的支架已倍受關(guān)注，有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道生物可降解的支架不太可能引起上皮細(xì)胞增殖和形成生物薄膜，最重要的是可以自行降解，不需要取出。因此，生物可降解支架有許多功能優(yōu)于金屬支架，是一種理想的在體內(nèi)起短暫支撐作用的支架。本論文采用生物可降解纖維通過編織和激光切割兩種方法制備了生物可降解支架，并對(duì)生物可降解編織支架進(jìn)行了體內(nèi)降解行為和力學(xué)性能的評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)激光切割支架進(jìn)行了體外降解行為和力學(xué)性能的評(píng)價(jià)。 制備了基于生物完全可降解高分子材料聚乙交酯丙交酯（PGLA,GA/LA摩爾比=90/10）的完全生物可降解編織支架，研究了支架在SD大鼠皮下的體內(nèi)降解情況。通過采用測(cè)失重率、吸水率，掃描電子顯微鏡，差示掃描量熱法，核磁實(shí)驗(yàn)，傅里葉紅外變換等測(cè)試手段，對(duì)支架的體內(nèi)降解過程的形態(tài)和性能進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明，用拉伸倍數(shù)為5的PGLA纖維編織的支架在植入SD大鼠皮下后降解最慢，質(zhì)量損失、吸水率、結(jié)晶度、化學(xué)成分和徑向壓縮力的變化最慢。纖維的拉伸倍數(shù)會(huì)影響支架的力學(xué)性能和熱力學(xué)性能的變化，為在體內(nèi)起到短暫支撐作用的支架的深入研究提供了基礎(chǔ)，這種新的手工編織的支架具有支撐良性狹窄的潛在應(yīng)用。 采用激光切割的方法制備了具有不同的支架管壁厚度和不同的支架管壁孔的大小的聚乳酸支架PLA-1，PLA-2，PLA-3和聚幾內(nèi)酯支架PCL-1，PCL-2五種生物可降解支架，分別在pH7.4和6.5的磷酸緩沖溶液（PBS）中進(jìn)行22天的體外降解實(shí)驗(yàn)，通過采用失重率、吸水率、GPC、核磁實(shí)驗(yàn)、掃描電鏡考察了支架的體外降解情況，并通過測(cè)徑向壓縮力的大小探索了支架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)其徑向壓縮性能的影響。結(jié)果表明，PLA支架和PCL支架在PBS溶液中放置22天的質(zhì)量損失并不明顯，分子量變小，結(jié)構(gòu)沒有什么變化。通過掃描電鏡觀察到支架的表面出現(xiàn)少量的空洞。對(duì)比不同的支架設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)和降解介質(zhì)的pH值，，發(fā)現(xiàn)pH在降解初期對(duì)支架的質(zhì)量損失的作用并不明顯，但是pH6.5的PBS溶液中支架的分子量下降的百分比更大。支架的力學(xué)性能與支架材料本身有關(guān)系，與支架的管壁的厚度成正相關(guān)關(guān)系，與支架管壁的孔的大小成負(fù)相關(guān)的關(guān)系。因此，可以通過改變支架的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，使得支架的力學(xué)性能符合實(shí)際應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Stent plays a more and more important role in the treatment of physiologic official cavity such as blood vessel, esophagus, bile duct, urethra occlusion or stricture, because the stent has the function of supporting the wall and maintaining the smooth flow of the lumen.At present, the stents used in clinical use are mainly made of plastic or metal.Plastic and metal scaffolds have the advantages of strong mechanical support and can maintain the long-term patency of the lumen, which makes them suitable for different types of obstructive diseases, including malignant obstruction.However, they also have disadvantages, such as epithelial cell proliferation will make it difficult to remove the stent from the body, so it is not suitable for the treatment of benign obstruction.In recent years, biodegradable scaffolds have attracted much attention. It has been reported that biodegradable scaffolds are unlikely to cause epithelial cell proliferation and biofilm formation. The most important thing is that biodegradable scaffolds are self-degradable and do not need to be removed.Therefore, biodegradable scaffolds have many functions better than metal scaffolds, which is an ideal scaffold for short-term support in vivo.In this paper, biodegradable scaffolds were prepared by braiding and laser cutting with biodegradable fibers. The biodegradable scaffolds were evaluated for their in vivo degradation behavior and mechanical properties.The degradation behavior and mechanical properties of laser cutting scaffolds in vitro were evaluated.A completely biodegradable braided scaffold was prepared based on the biodegradable polymer material PGLA / LA molar ratio of 90 / 10. The degradation of the scaffold in SD rats was studied in vivo.The morphology and properties of the in vivo degradation process of the scaffold were studied by means of weightlessness, water absorption, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic experiment and Fourier transform infrared transform (FTIR).The results showed that the scaffold braided with PGLA fiber with tensile ratio of 5 was the slowest degradation, mass loss, water absorption, crystallinity, chemical composition and radial compression force of SD rats.The tensile ratio of the fiber will affect the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the scaffold, which provides the basis for further study of the scaffold, which plays a temporary supporting role in the body.This new hand-woven scaffold has potential applications for supporting benign strictures.Five biodegradable scaffolds, PLA-1, PLA-2PLA-3 and PCL-1 / PCL-2, which have different wall thickness and pore size, were fabricated by laser cutting.In vitro degradation experiments were carried out in pH7.4 and 6.5 phosphoric acid buffer solution for 22 days. The degradation of the scaffold was investigated by means of mass loss rate, water absorption rate and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).The influence of the structure design of the support on its radial compression performance was explored by measuring the radial compression force.The results showed that the mass loss of the PCL scaffolds and the PLA scaffolds in PBS solution for 22 days was not obvious, the molecular weight became smaller and the structure did not change.A small number of holes were observed on the surface of the scaffold by SEM.Comparing with different scaffold design parameters and the pH value of degradation medium, it was found that pH had little effect on the mass loss of the scaffold at the initial stage of degradation, but the molecular weight of the scaffold decreased more in the PBS solution of pH6.5.The mechanical properties of the scaffold are related to the material itself, to the thickness of the wall of the scaffold, and negatively to the size of the hole in the wall of the scaffold.Therefore, the mechanical properties of the scaffold can be adapted to the practical application by changing the structural parameters of the scaffold.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R318.08

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本文編號(hào)：1755200