本文選題：功能性電刺激　切入點(diǎn)：便攜式多通道刺激器　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：功能性電刺激（Functional Electrical Stimulation，F(xiàn)ES）通過小電流刺激患者肌肉組織，，引起肌肉收縮,從而使肢體產(chǎn)生動(dòng)作，使癱瘓或衰退的肌肉重建或恢復(fù)功能，達(dá)到治療和功能康復(fù)與重建的目的。表面式電刺激具有無創(chuàng)、使用方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是也存在刺激準(zhǔn)確度與選擇性差的缺陷。本課題研制一種基于表面陣列電極的多通道FES刺激器，同時(shí)利用有限元方法對(duì)電刺激條件下人體前臂電場(chǎng)分布進(jìn)行仿真，旨在優(yōu)化表面電刺激的準(zhǔn)確度與選擇性。 本文在FES的電生理學(xué)原理基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)多通道便攜式FES系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)以C8051F020單片機(jī)作為主控制芯片，具有四路電荷平衡可獨(dú)立控制的刺激通道，每個(gè)刺激通道的參數(shù)獨(dú)立可調(diào)，且能輸出五種不同的雙相刺激波形，同時(shí)該系統(tǒng)還具有良好的人機(jī)交互界面，操作方便可靠。系統(tǒng)硬件部分包括控制模塊、DA轉(zhuǎn)換模塊、輸出模塊、人機(jī)交互模塊以及電源模塊五個(gè)基本模塊。系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì)及其調(diào)試是在Silicon Labs IDE集成開發(fā)環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的，通過軟件中的波形產(chǎn)生模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)了五種不同的刺激波形。系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)后，通過人體實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明本系統(tǒng)適用于人體功能電刺激實(shí)驗(yàn)，并且在設(shè)定合適的刺激信號(hào)參數(shù)后，能地引起刺激的目標(biāo)肌肉不自主地收縮。 本文進(jìn)行了在2×2陣列電極刺激下人體前臂電場(chǎng)分布的有限元仿真，采用神經(jīng)纖維激勵(lì)函數(shù)表征外加電場(chǎng)對(duì)神經(jīng)軸突電活動(dòng)的影響，利用激勵(lì)函數(shù)峰值和半寬度確定靶向性能的評(píng)價(jià)函數(shù)，對(duì)電極觸點(diǎn)尺寸、間距及排列模式對(duì)電刺激靶向性能的影響進(jìn)行研究，研究結(jié)果表明大小觸點(diǎn)交叉排列、觸點(diǎn)間距較小的表面陣列電極靶向性能最好。最后在此研究的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)表面陣列電極。
[Abstract]:Functional Electrical stimulation (FESs) stimulates the muscle tissue of the patient with low electric current and causes muscle contraction, thus causing limb movement, and reconstructing or restoring the paralyzed or declining muscle to achieve the purpose of treatment and functional rehabilitation and reconstruction.Surface electrical stimulation has the advantages of non-invasive and easy to use, but it also has the defects of poor accuracy and selectivity.In this paper, a multi-channel FES stimulator based on surface array electrode is developed. At the same time, finite element method is used to simulate the electric field distribution in the forearm of human body under the condition of electrical stimulation, in order to optimize the accuracy and selectivity of surface electrical stimulation.Based on the electrophysiological principle of FES, a multi-channel portable FES system is designed in this paper. The system uses the C8051F020 single chip microcomputer as the main control chip, and has a four-channel charge balance and independently controlled stimulation channel. The parameters of each stimulus channel are independently adjustable.The system can output five different biphasic stimulus waveforms, and the system also has a good man-machine interface and is convenient and reliable to operate.The hardware of the system includes five basic modules: control module, output module, man-machine interaction module and power module.The design and debugging of the system software is carried out in the Silicon Labs IDE integrated development environment. Five different stimulus waveforms are realized by the waveform generation module in the software.After the implementation of the system, the performance of the system is tested through human body experiments. The experiment shows that the system is suitable for human functional electrical stimulation experiment, and after setting appropriate stimulation signal parameters,The target muscle that can cause irritation contracts involuntarily.In this paper, finite element simulation of electric field distribution in human forearm stimulated by 2 脳 2 array electrode is carried out. The effect of applied electric field on electrical activity of nerve axon is characterized by nerve fiber excitation function.The effects of electrode contact size, spacing and arrangement pattern on the target performance of electric stimulation were studied by determining the evaluation function of target performance by using the peak and half width of excitation function. The results showed that the contact size was cross-arranged.The surface array electrode with small contact distance has the best targeting performance.Finally, the surface array electrode is designed on the basis of this research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R318.6

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