本文選題：數(shù)字人　切入點：磁場定位　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)中,內(nèi)窺鏡已經(jīng)被廣泛用于疾病診斷,內(nèi)窺鏡可以為醫(yī)生提供人體內(nèi)臟組織圖像用于疾病的診斷。由于檢查時內(nèi)窺鏡探頭位于人體體內(nèi),其在人體內(nèi)的位置和角度均不可見,醫(yī)生只能依據(jù)其采集到的圖像,憑借經(jīng)驗判斷與圖像對應(yīng)的人體組織,這不僅造成了圖像識別的不便,而且容易產(chǎn)生誤判,因此,需要一種有效的內(nèi)窺鏡體內(nèi)實時定位技術(shù)。 數(shù)字人虛擬定位系統(tǒng)是將醫(yī)學(xué)人體數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)與內(nèi)窺鏡定位技術(shù)相結(jié)合的醫(yī)療輔助系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)采用磁場定位原理,分別利用磁場傳感器和加速度傳感器采集磁場和重力場信息,經(jīng)過信號處理,得到內(nèi)窺鏡探頭在人體內(nèi)部的位置和角度,并利用PC機將內(nèi)窺鏡探頭的虛擬圖像在數(shù)字人內(nèi)部再現(xiàn),從而實時地顯示內(nèi)窺鏡在人體內(nèi)的位置和探測角度。 本文詳細(xì)闡述了系統(tǒng)的定位原理和方案設(shè)計,介紹了系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計,對在實驗室條件下的定位實驗結(jié)果進行了詳細(xì)的分析。 本文主要工作總結(jié)如下: 1.設(shè)計了數(shù)字人虛擬定位系統(tǒng)的整體方案和定位原理,系統(tǒng)采用磁場定位方式。在學(xué)習(xí)國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有的磁場定位系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了角度定位和位置定位相互分離的定位方式和定位算法,大大降低了磁場定位算法的復(fù)雜性,提高了定位系統(tǒng)的實時性。相對于國內(nèi)外其他磁場定位方式,該定位系統(tǒng)具有結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和定位原理上的獨創(chuàng)性,相關(guān)技術(shù)已申請國家發(fā)明專利; 2.設(shè)計并制作了系統(tǒng)定位實驗所需的坐標(biāo)平臺,為實驗室條件下進行定位實驗,提供了機械結(jié)構(gòu)方面的測量和定位裝置。制作了系統(tǒng)硬件電路,包括傳感器電路板、微處理器電路板、串口、I2 C接口等,利用VC語言編寫了具有人機交互界面的系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用程序,實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)定位算法; 3.深入研究了勵磁線圈的磁場分布規(guī)律,在勵磁線圈磁場的理論分析、軟件仿真、實物制作等方面做了大量的工作,制作出滿足系統(tǒng)定位要求的勵磁線圈; 4.深入學(xué)習(xí)OpenGL計算機開源圖形函數(shù)庫,在此基礎(chǔ)上,在應(yīng)用程序中創(chuàng)建了內(nèi)窺鏡虛擬圖像,利用三維圖像直觀顯示內(nèi)窺鏡角度、位置信息。同時初步完成了人體虛擬圖像的創(chuàng)建; 5.在實驗室條件下,成功地利用定位系統(tǒng)的軟硬件資源進行了內(nèi)窺鏡角度和位置定位實驗,系統(tǒng)定位精度和頻率均達到設(shè)計要求。
[Abstract]:In modern medicine, endoscopy has been widely used in disease diagnosis, endoscopy can provide doctors with images of human visceral tissue for the diagnosis of disease. The position and angle of the image can not be seen in the human body. The doctor can only judge the human body tissue corresponding to the image according to the image collected by the doctor, which not only causes the inconvenience of image recognition, but also easily leads to misjudgment. An effective real-time localization technique for endoscope is needed. Digital human virtual positioning system is a medical assistant system which combines medical human body database technology with endoscope positioning technology. The magnetic field and gravity field information were collected by magnetic field sensor and acceleration sensor respectively. After signal processing, the position and angle of endoscope probe in human body were obtained. The virtual image of the endoscope probe is reproduced in the digital human by PC, and the position and detection angle of the endoscope in the human body can be displayed in real time. This paper describes the positioning principle and scheme design of the system in detail, introduces the software and hardware design of the system, and analyzes the results of the localization experiment under the condition of the laboratory in detail. The main work of this paper is summarized as follows:. 1. The whole scheme and positioning principle of the digital human virtual positioning system are designed. The system adopts the magnetic field positioning method. On the basis of studying the existing magnetic field positioning system at home and abroad, The separation of angle positioning and position positioning is designed, which greatly reduces the complexity of magnetic field positioning algorithm and improves the real-time performance of the positioning system, compared with other magnetic field positioning methods at home and abroad. The positioning system has the originality in structure design and positioning principle, and the related technology has applied for the national invention patent. 2. The coordinate platform needed for the system positioning experiment is designed and made, which provides the measuring and positioning device in the mechanical structure for the positioning experiment under the condition of the laboratory, and makes the hardware circuit of the system, including the circuit board of the sensor. The microprocessor circuit board, serial port and I2C interface are used to compile the system application program with man-machine interface in VC language, and the system positioning algorithm is realized. 3. The magnetic field distribution law of excitation coil is deeply studied. A great deal of work has been done in the fields of magnetic field theory analysis, software simulation and real object manufacture, and the excitation coil which can meet the requirement of system positioning has been made. 4. Deeply study the open source graphics function library of OpenGL computer, on the basis of this, create virtual image of endoscope in the application program, and display the angle of endoscope by using 3D image intuitively. Position information. At the same time, the creation of virtual image of human body is preliminarily completed. 5. Under the condition of laboratory, the endoscope angle and position positioning experiment is carried out successfully by using the software and hardware resources of the positioning system. The precision and frequency of the system meet the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R318.51;TP391.41

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