本文選題：股骨　切入點(diǎn)：受壓　出處：《固體力學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》2016年S1期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：股骨是支撐人體的重要組成部分,其縱向受壓是主要的外力作用形式.過大的荷載、意外的沖擊、疲勞等可能造成股骨的斷裂損傷,股骨頸開裂與折斷是一種典型、高發(fā)的損傷形式,此時(shí)需要用人工假體代替損壞的部分股骨.為使假體與股骨結(jié)合性能接近于原股骨,必需研究掌握股骨的應(yīng)力分布特征.股骨特別是兩端因幾何構(gòu)造的復(fù)雜性,相應(yīng)的應(yīng)力情況也比較復(fù)雜.因受活體股骨及其實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)的限制,有限元數(shù)值計(jì)算分析成為一種普遍采用的方法.但股骨上端部構(gòu)造復(fù)雜、尺寸相對(duì)較小,往往缺乏可靠的計(jì)算結(jié)果,且股骨頸附近的有效測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)相對(duì)較少.因此,需要進(jìn)行全股骨縱向受壓的應(yīng)力分布特征特別是股骨頸附近應(yīng)力特征的進(jìn)一步研究.此外,假體植入后股骨的應(yīng)力分布變化與假體的無(wú)菌性松動(dòng)是一個(gè)切實(shí)的重要問題.論文基于股骨標(biāo)本和假體植入鮮股骨縱向受壓的多點(diǎn)應(yīng)力測(cè)量結(jié)果,進(jìn)行其有限元建模并計(jì)算分析.先基于股骨的CT掃描數(shù)據(jù),利用MIMICS軟件重建股骨的三維幾何精確模型,再轉(zhuǎn)入ANSYS軟件劃分單元,計(jì)算得到全股骨的應(yīng)力分布結(jié)果,說明其分布特征及關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的應(yīng)力,并與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較說明結(jié)果的可靠性.然后,考慮股骨頸斷裂損傷后的生物型金屬假體植入情況,基于假體松動(dòng)前的股骨實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,對(duì)于假體與股骨結(jié)合體計(jì)算分析其應(yīng)力分布,說明假體植入對(duì)于股骨干應(yīng)力分布的影響、及假體松動(dòng)與應(yīng)力遮擋現(xiàn)象.
[Abstract]:Femur is an important part of supporting human body, its longitudinal compression is the main form of external force. Excessive load, unexpected impact, fatigue and so on may cause fracture and injury of femur, fracture and fracture of femoral neck is a typical. In the form of high incidence of injury, artificial prosthesis is needed to replace the damaged part of the femur. In order to make the joint between the prosthesis and the femur close to that of the original femur, It is necessary to study and master the characteristics of stress distribution of femur. Because of the complexity of geometrical structure of femur, especially at both ends of femur, the corresponding stress situation is more complicated. Because of the limitation of living femur and its experimental technology, Finite element numerical analysis has become a widely used method. However, the upper end of the femur is complicated in structure, relatively small in size, often lacking of reliable results, and the effective test data near the femoral neck are relatively few. Further study is needed on the stress distribution characteristics of the whole femur under longitudinal compression, especially near the femoral neck. The change of stress distribution and aseptic loosening of prosthesis is an important problem. Based on the CT scanning data of the femur, the 3D geometric model of the femur was reconstructed by using MIMICS software, then transferred to the ANSYS software division unit, and the stress distribution results of the whole femur were calculated. The distribution characteristics and the stress of the key points are explained, and the reliability of the results is compared with the experimental results. Then, considering the implantation of the biological metal prosthesis after fracture of the femoral neck, the experimental results of the femur before the prosthesis loosening are considered. The stress distribution of prosthesis combined with femur was calculated and analyzed. The effect of prosthesis implantation on femoral shaft stress distribution and the phenomenon of prosthesis loosening and stress occlusion were explained.
【作者單位】： 浙江大學(xué)航空航天學(xué)院力學(xué)系;浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬嘉興市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院;
【基金】：浙江省科技計(jì)劃(2011C33050) 浙江省自然科學(xué)基金(LY15A020001) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(11572279)資助
【分類號(hào)】：R687;R318.01

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