本文選題：缺損關(guān)節(jié)軟骨　切入點(diǎn)：組織工程修復(fù)　出處：《天津理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：關(guān)節(jié)軟骨損傷和退化是日常生活中常見(jiàn)疾病，由于關(guān)節(jié)軟骨處沒(méi)有血液供應(yīng)，損傷后很難實(shí)現(xiàn)自我修復(fù)。另外軟骨損傷會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)有疼痛感，損傷程度過(guò)大還會(huì)使關(guān)節(jié)致殘，帶來(lái)極大痛苦。隨著組織工程技術(shù)在軟骨修復(fù)領(lǐng)域的逐步發(fā)展，損傷軟骨的治愈率得到了大幅提升。但是目前組織工程構(gòu)建的人工軟骨組織對(duì)于缺損區(qū)域的修復(fù)效果有很大的不確定性，這與人工軟骨性能和修復(fù)區(qū)的力學(xué)環(huán)境都是緊密相關(guān)的。適當(dāng)?shù)牧W(xué)刺激有助于軟骨組織的生長(zhǎng)，過(guò)大則會(huì)使修復(fù)區(qū)應(yīng)力分布不均，造成二次損傷。因此，探討修復(fù)區(qū)域軟骨對(duì)于力學(xué)環(huán)境變化的響應(yīng)是非常重要的。 本文以膝關(guān)節(jié)處存在的滑動(dòng)作為加載方式，借助有限元仿真軟件及數(shù)字圖像相關(guān)技術(shù)，，對(duì)不同力學(xué)環(huán)境下修復(fù)區(qū)域軟骨的力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。主要內(nèi)容及結(jié)果如下： 建立修復(fù)后的全層缺損滑動(dòng)加載模型。結(jié)合軟骨的生理結(jié)構(gòu)，在宿主軟骨（天然軟骨）處采用了纖維增強(qiáng)的固液雙相材料。利用分層結(jié)構(gòu)體現(xiàn)軟骨彈性模量隨深度變化的性能；借助ABAQUS子程序和FORTRAN語(yǔ)言的嵌套，實(shí)現(xiàn)依應(yīng)變變化的滲透率；通過(guò)在節(jié)點(diǎn)添加彈簧單元模擬天然軟骨中纖維的抗拉伸功能。對(duì)于人工軟骨，采用了各向同性的均質(zhì)材料，并假設(shè)人工軟骨與宿主軟骨接合良好。分別探討了滑動(dòng)壓縮量、滑動(dòng)速度及人工軟骨彈性模量的改變對(duì)于修復(fù)區(qū)域應(yīng)力、孔隙壓力、接觸應(yīng)力及Y向應(yīng)變的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：在滑動(dòng)這一動(dòng)態(tài)載荷下，軟骨受力主要由孔隙壓力承擔(dān)�；瑒�(dòng)過(guò)程中，滑塊所處位置對(duì)于修復(fù)區(qū)的力學(xué)性能影響較大，當(dāng)滑塊作用在接合面處時(shí)，會(huì)出現(xiàn)較大的應(yīng)變及應(yīng)力。壓縮量的增大會(huì)加大人工軟骨及宿主軟骨的受力及變形，特別是接合面處的變形大幅增加。人工軟骨彈性模量增大可提高承載能力，適當(dāng)?shù)哪Ａ恐悼蓽p少接合面處的應(yīng)力集中�；瑒�(dòng)速度增加時(shí)，滑塊和軟骨間接觸時(shí)間縮短，變形量減小，但對(duì)于接合面會(huì)造成較大的沖擊。 對(duì)修復(fù)后的全層缺損軟骨進(jìn)行滑動(dòng)加載實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合數(shù)字相關(guān)技術(shù)對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)處理，探討滑動(dòng)壓縮量及滑動(dòng)速度兩個(gè)方面對(duì)于修復(fù)區(qū)域應(yīng)變分布的影響。通過(guò)滑動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中宿主軟骨處Y向應(yīng)變值驗(yàn)證模型中宿主軟骨材料參數(shù)的正確性。改變滑動(dòng)壓縮量及滑動(dòng)速度均會(huì)對(duì)修復(fù)區(qū)域產(chǎn)生一定影響，并且通過(guò)對(duì)不同層區(qū)的比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)表層變化趨勢(shì)最為明顯。 本文從實(shí)驗(yàn)和仿真兩方面對(duì)修復(fù)區(qū)域軟骨性能進(jìn)行研究，使得結(jié)果更為全面，為關(guān)節(jié)軟骨臨床疾病的預(yù)防與治療提供了一定的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Articular cartilage injury and degeneration are common diseases in daily life. Because there is no blood supply in articular cartilage, it is difficult to self-repair after injury. Too much damage can also cripple joints and cause great pain. With the gradual development of tissue engineering technology in the field of cartilage repair, The cure rate of damaged cartilage has been greatly improved. However, there is much uncertainty about the effect of artificial cartilage tissue constructed by tissue engineering on the repair of defect area. This is closely related to the performance of the artificial cartilage and the mechanical environment of the repair zone. Proper mechanical stimulation contributes to the growth of the cartilage tissue, and excessive stress distribution in the repair zone results in secondary damage. It is very important to study the response of repaired regional cartilage to the change of mechanical environment. In this paper, with the help of finite element simulation software and digital image correlation technology, the mechanical properties of the cartilage repaired in different mechanical environments are compared and analyzed with the help of the sliding in the knee joint. The main contents and results are as follows:. To establish a sliding loading model of full-thickness defect after repair, combined with the physiological structure of cartilage, Fiber reinforced solid / liquid biphasic material was used in the host cartilage (natural cartilage). The layered structure was used to reflect the property of the elastic modulus of cartilage varying with the depth, and the permeability varied according to strain was realized by the nesting of ABAQUS subroutine and FORTRAN language. The tensile resistance of fibers in natural cartilage was simulated by adding spring element to the node. For artificial cartilage, isotropic homogeneous material was used, and the artificial cartilage bonded well with host cartilage. The effects of sliding velocity and elastic modulus of artificial cartilage on the stress, pore pressure, contact stress and Y-direction strain in the repaired region are studied. During the sliding process, the position of the slider has a great influence on the mechanical properties of the repair area, when the slider acts on the joint, Larger strain and stress will occur. The increase of compression will increase the stress and deformation of artificial cartilage and host cartilage, especially the deformation of joint surface. The increase of elastic modulus of artificial cartilage can increase the bearing capacity of artificial cartilage. When the sliding velocity increases, the contact time between the slider and the cartilage decreases, but the deformation decreases. The full-thickness defect cartilage was subjected to sliding loading experiment and digital correlation technology was used to process the image. The effects of sliding compression and sliding velocity on the strain distribution in the repair region were discussed. The parameters of the host cartilage were verified by Y-direction strain values of the host cartilage in the sliding experiment, and the sliding pressure was changed. Shrinkage and sliding speed will have a certain impact on the repair area, And through the comparison of different layers, it is found that the change trend of surface layer is the most obvious. In this paper, the performance of repaired regional cartilage is studied from two aspects of experiment and simulation, which makes the results more comprehensive and provides a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of articular cartilage clinical diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R318.01

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