本文關(guān)鍵詞： 心音信號(hào) 小波分析 HHT變換 特征識(shí)別　出處：《燕山大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：心音信號(hào)(PCG)是人體心臟及心血管系統(tǒng)機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況的反映，它包含了體內(nèi)心血管狀態(tài)的大量信息，是臨床上用于診斷和評(píng)估人體心血管系統(tǒng)功能及病理生理狀態(tài)的重要依據(jù)。由于心音信號(hào)的復(fù)雜性，傳統(tǒng)的聲學(xué)聽(tīng)診方法難以達(dá)到令人滿意的效果。 本課題研究的主要目的即在于通過(guò)利用現(xiàn)代工程和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)人體心音信號(hào)采集和分析。首先需要實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)心音信號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確采集和記錄，然后再利用相關(guān)算法對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行研究和分析，克服傳統(tǒng)聽(tīng)診方法易受醫(yī)生主觀判斷影響的缺陷，提高心血管疾病的診斷和鑒別水平，實(shí)現(xiàn)心音聽(tīng)診的形象化和心音的病理特性研究。 本文先后在信號(hào)的采集、消噪、分段、特征提取及分類(lèi)等領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了研究和探討： 首先，，在信號(hào)采集方面，本課題設(shè)計(jì)出了一套基于STM32的便攜式心音信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)，利用該系統(tǒng)采集患者的心音信號(hào)，實(shí)現(xiàn)心音數(shù)據(jù)的采集、放大、硬件濾波去噪、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換、波形顯示、信號(hào)存儲(chǔ)、與上位機(jī)通信等功能。 其次，在信號(hào)處理方面，課題在研究了一些傳統(tǒng)信號(hào)去噪理論的基礎(chǔ)上，采用了基于小波變換的閾值去噪算法，去除了信號(hào)中殘留的雜質(zhì)和干擾信號(hào)，得到了比較純凈的心音信號(hào)，這對(duì)于后續(xù)心音信號(hào)的特征值提取有十分非常重要的意義。 最后，在心音病理特性研究方面，課題利用改進(jìn)的HHT變換來(lái)提取心音包絡(luò)，對(duì)心音包絡(luò)信號(hào)進(jìn)行分段識(shí)別，提取了心音信號(hào)的成分，實(shí)現(xiàn)了信號(hào)成分的定位，并結(jié)合心音信號(hào)的特征值和信號(hào)頻譜、能量分布對(duì)心音信號(hào)的特性進(jìn)行了研究。 本課題通過(guò)研究構(gòu)造一套完整的心音采集和分析系統(tǒng)，為心音信號(hào)的臨床診斷提供了幫助。
[Abstract]:PCG is a reflection of the mechanical movement of the human heart and cardiovascular system. It contains a great deal of information about the state of the cardiovascular system in the body. It is an important basis for clinical diagnosis and evaluation of cardiovascular system function and pathophysiological state of human body. Due to the complexity of heart sound signal, the traditional acoustic auscultation method is difficult to achieve satisfactory results. The main purpose of this research is to realize the acquisition and analysis of human heart sound signal by using modern engineering and computer technology. First of all, it is necessary to realize the accurate acquisition and recording of heart sound signal. Then the related algorithms are used to study and analyze the signals to overcome the defects of traditional auscultation methods which are easily influenced by the subjective judgment of doctors and to improve the level of diagnosis and differentiation of cardiovascular diseases. To realize the visualization of cardiac sound auscultation and the study of pathological characteristics of heart sound. In this paper, the signal acquisition, de-noising, segmentation, feature extraction and classification have been studied and discussed. First of all, in the aspect of signal acquisition, a portable heart sound signal acquisition system based on STM32 is designed in this paper. The system is used to collect the heart sound signal of the patients, to realize the acquisition, amplification, and hardware filter denoising of the heart sound signal. Waveform display, signal storage, communication with host computer and other functions. Secondly, in the aspect of signal processing, based on the research of some traditional signal denoising theory, the threshold de-noising algorithm based on wavelet transform is adopted to remove the residual impurities and interference signals. The purer heart sound signal is obtained, which is very important to extract the eigenvalue of the subsequent heart sound signal. Finally, in the research of the pathological characteristics of heart sound, we use the improved HHT transform to extract the envelope of heart sound, recognize the envelope signal of heart sound in sections, extract the components of the signal of heart sound, and realize the localization of the component of the signal. The characteristic of the heart sound signal is studied by combining the characteristic value of the heart sound signal, the spectrum of the signal and the energy distribution. In this paper, a complete heart sound acquisition and analysis system is constructed, which can help the clinical diagnosis of heart sound signal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R318.0

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